jirga

简明释义

英[ˈdʒɪrɡə]美[ˈdʒɪrɡə]

n. 族长会议

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The jirga could decide, for instance, whether to keep America's permanent bases.

这次会议可以决定，比如说，是否保留美国永久基地的问题。

2.[color=#000000]Previous attempts to settle the dispute had foundered in part on a deposit of $10, 000 that each tribe had been asked to lodge with the jirga, with a vow to abide by its decision.

[color=#000000][font=Tahoma][font=宋体]早前为解决争端，每个部落被要求向支尔格会议交存1[font=宋体]万美元的押金，并立誓遵从其裁定，但这一努力已经部分失败。

3.Q: Recently, the Peace Jirga was held in Afghanistan. To what extent does China believe that a peace conference amidst gunfire can push forward the peace process in Afghanistan?

问：近日，阿富汗举行了和平支尔格大会，中方认为这样一场在炮火中进行的和平大会能在多大程度上推进阿富汗和平进程？

4.Meanwhile a recent jirga, or council, backed the idea of the small American force after 2014 (see article).

与此同时，最近的一次阿富汗族长会议（jirga）支持在2014年以后保留一支较小规模美军的想法（见另文）。

5.This loya jirga is intended to legitimise the power sharing arrangement set up in Bonn and begin to iron out at least some of the inequalities in representation.

这个大国民议会是一个在波恩建立起来的分配权利的安排，解决了一些代表席位不平均的问题。

6.According to Maulvi Sayeed: "If the brother of a man who has been murdered does not agree to forgive his killer according to the jirga, then he can go to the sharia court."

依据穆尔维·赛义德的说法：“如果某人被谋杀了，其兄弟不同意按照支尔格会议的意愿原谅凶手，那么，他可以向教义法院告诉。”

7.Mr Kuchi, who is famed for his deep knowledge of customary law, asked the feuders to "place a stone" on their dispute-to suspend hostilities while the jirga sat.

库奇以其对习惯法的深刻认识而出名，他请求双方将争执“用坚石压下”——在支尔格期间中止彼此恶意。

8.On a chill recent morning in Kabul, your correspondent sat with a jirga convened to settle a dispute between two nomadic clans of the Siddiquekhail, a sub-tribe of the powerful Pushtun Ahmedzai.

最近在喀布尔，一个寒冷的早晨，记者亲临了一场支尔格会议。

9.They organized a jirga to address the issues of water scarcity.

他们组织了一个jirga来解决水资源短缺的问题。

10.During the jirga, community members discussed the new regulations.

在jirga期间，社区成员讨论了新的规定。

11.A jirga is often used to mediate conflicts in rural areas.

在农村地区，通常使用jirga来调解冲突。

12.The decision made at the jirga was respected by all parties involved.

在jirga上做出的决定得到了所有相关方的尊重。

13.The village elders held a jirga to resolve the land dispute.

村里的长者召开了一个jirga来解决土地争端。

作文

In many cultures around the world, traditional forms of governance and conflict resolution play a crucial role in maintaining social harmony. One such practice is the concept of jirga, which is a form of assembly or council used primarily in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan. The jirga serves as a gathering where community members come together to discuss issues, resolve disputes, and make collective decisions. This system is deeply rooted in the tribal customs of the Pashtun people, who have relied on it for generations to uphold justice and maintain order within their communities.The significance of a jirga lies in its ability to provide a platform for dialogue and consensus-building among community members. Unlike formal judicial systems that can be distant and bureaucratic, a jirga is often more accessible to ordinary people. It fosters a sense of belonging and ownership over local governance, as individuals participate directly in the decision-making process. In a typical jirga, elders and respected leaders guide the discussions, ensuring that all voices are heard and considered.One of the main functions of a jirga is to resolve conflicts, whether they arise from personal disputes, land issues, or other grievances. When a conflict arises, parties involved often bring their case to the jirga, where they present their perspectives. The assembly then deliberates and seeks to find a solution that is acceptable to all parties. This process emphasizes reconciliation and restoration of relationships rather than punishment, which is a key aspect of traditional justice in many societies.Moreover, the jirga embodies the principles of communal responsibility and mutual aid. Decisions made in a jirga are not only binding for the individuals involved but also for the entire community. This collective approach ensures that everyone has a stake in the outcomes, promoting accountability and cooperation among community members. As a result, the jirga strengthens social ties and reinforces cultural values that prioritize harmony and respect.Despite its many advantages, the jirga system is not without challenges. In recent years, external influences and modern legal frameworks have begun to encroach upon traditional practices. Some critics argue that jirga decisions can sometimes be biased, particularly against women and marginalized groups, as the assemblies are often dominated by male elders. Additionally, the lack of formal regulations can lead to inconsistencies in how justice is administered, raising concerns about fairness and equity.Nevertheless, the resilience of the jirga demonstrates the enduring importance of traditional governance systems in an ever-changing world. Many community members continue to value the jirga as a vital institution for maintaining peace and resolving conflicts. Efforts to integrate the jirga with formal legal systems, while respecting its cultural significance, may offer a pathway to enhance justice and governance in these regions.In conclusion, the concept of jirga exemplifies how traditional practices can contribute to social cohesion and conflict resolution. Through its emphasis on dialogue, consensus, and community involvement, the jirga remains a powerful tool for governance in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Understanding and appreciating the role of the jirga provides valuable insights into the complexities of cultural identity and the dynamics of justice in different societies.

在世界各地的许多文化中，传统的治理和冲突解决形式在维护社会和谐方面发挥着至关重要的作用。一个这样的实践是jirga的概念，它是一种主要在阿富汗和巴基斯坦部分地区使用的集会或委员会形式。jirga作为一个聚会，社区成员聚集在一起讨论问题、解决争端并做出集体决策。这个系统深深植根于普什图人世代相传的部落习俗中，他们依靠它来维护正义和保持社区秩序。jirga的重要性在于它能够为社区成员提供对话和共识建设的平台。与可能遥远且官僚化的正式司法系统不同，jirga往往对普通人更为可及。它培养了归属感和对地方治理的所有权，因为个人直接参与决策过程。在一个典型的jirga中，长者和受人尊敬的领导者引导讨论，确保所有声音都被听到和考虑。jirga的主要功能之一是解决冲突，无论是个人争端、土地问题还是其他不满。当发生冲突时，相关方通常将案件提交给jirga，在这里他们陈述各自的观点。会议随后进行审议，寻求一个所有各方都能接受的解决方案。这个过程强调和解和恢复关系，而不是惩罚，这是许多社会传统司法的关键方面。此外，jirga体现了共同责任和互助的原则。在jirga中做出的决定不仅对涉及的个人有约束力，也对整个社区有约束力。这种集体方法确保每个人都对结果有发言权，促进了社区成员之间的问责和合作。因此，jirga加强了社会联系，并强化了优先考虑和谐与尊重的文化价值观。尽管有许多优点，但jirga系统也面临挑战。近年来，外部影响和现代法律框架开始侵入传统实践。一些批评者认为，jirga的决定有时可能存在偏见，特别是针对女性和边缘群体，因为这些集会往往由男性长者主导。此外，缺乏正式规定可能导致公正施行的不一致，引发对公平和公正的担忧。然而，jirga的韧性展示了在不断变化的世界中传统治理系统的持久重要性。许多社区成员继续重视jirga作为维护和平和解决冲突的重要机构。努力将jirga与正式法律系统结合，同时尊重其文化重要性，可能为增强这些地区的正义和治理提供了一条途径。总之，jirga的概念例证了传统实践如何有助于社会凝聚力和冲突解决。通过强调对话、共识和社区参与，jirga仍然是阿富汗和巴基斯坦治理的强大工具。理解和欣赏jirga的角色为我们提供了对不同社会中文化身份复杂性和司法动态的宝贵见解。