brittle material

简明释义

脆性材料

英英释义

例句

1.Ceramics often behave like brittle material under stress.

陶瓷在压力下通常表现得像脆性材料。

2.The failure of brittle material can lead to catastrophic results.

对脆性材料的失效可能导致灾难性的结果。

3.In cold temperatures, some metals can become brittle material.

在低温下，一些金属可能变成脆性材料。

4.Glass is a common example of brittle material.

玻璃是一个常见的脆性材料的例子。

5.When designing structures, engineers must consider the properties of brittle material.

在设计结构时，工程师必须考虑脆性材料的特性。

作文

In the field of materials science, understanding the properties of different substances is crucial for various applications. One important category of materials is known as brittle material, which refers to substances that break or fracture easily under stress without significant deformation. This characteristic makes brittle material particularly interesting and challenging to work with in engineering and design. Examples of brittle material include glass, ceramics, and certain types of metals like cast iron. Unlike ductile materials, which can undergo considerable plastic deformation before breaking, brittle material tends to fail suddenly and catastrophically.The behavior of brittle material can be attributed to their atomic structure. Many brittle material have strong ionic or covalent bonds that hold their atoms tightly together. While these strong bonds make them resistant to compression, they also mean that when a critical stress is reached, the material cannot absorb energy through deformation and will instead crack or shatter. This is why engineers must carefully consider the application of brittle material in construction and manufacturing processes.For instance, in the construction industry, the use of brittle material like concrete requires a deep understanding of its limitations. While concrete is strong in compression, it is relatively weak in tension. This is why steel reinforcement bars, or rebar, are often embedded within concrete structures. The combination of steel's ductility and concrete's compressive strength allows for a more resilient structure that can withstand various forces without failure.Additionally, the temperature can significantly affect the performance of brittle material. Many brittle material become even more fragile at lower temperatures. For example, glass can become dangerously brittle when exposed to cold environments, leading to an increased risk of shattering upon impact. Therefore, understanding the environmental conditions in which brittle material will be used is essential for ensuring safety and durability.In the realm of technology, the use of brittle material has also been explored in the production of electronic devices. For example, the screens of smartphones and tablets are often made from glass, which is a brittle material. Manufacturers have developed tougher variants of glass, such as Gorilla Glass, to improve resistance to scratches and impacts. However, even with advancements in technology, the inherent properties of brittle material mean that they can still fail unexpectedly if subjected to sufficient force.In conclusion, the study of brittle material is vital across various industries, from construction to electronics. Understanding their properties helps engineers and designers create safer and more effective products. As technology advances, the challenge remains to enhance the performance of brittle material while minimizing their weaknesses. By continuing to research and innovate, we can better harness the unique characteristics of brittle material for future applications. Ultimately, the goal is to balance strength, durability, and flexibility to meet the demands of our ever-evolving world.

在材料科学领域，理解不同物质的特性对于各种应用至关重要。其中一个重要的材料类别被称为脆性材料，指的是在应力下容易断裂或破裂而几乎没有显著变形的物质。这一特性使得脆性材料在工程和设计中既有趣又具有挑战性。脆性材料的例子包括玻璃、陶瓷以及某些类型的金属，如铸铁。与可以在断裂前经历相当大的塑性变形的延展性材料不同，脆性材料往往会突然和灾难性地失效。脆性材料的行为可以归因于其原子结构。许多脆性材料具有强的离子或共价键，这些键将其原子紧密结合在一起。虽然这些强键使它们在压缩下具有抗力，但也意味着当达到临界应力时，材料无法通过变形吸收能量，而是会开裂或破碎。这就是为什么工程师在建筑和制造过程中必须仔细考虑脆性材料的应用。例如，在建筑行业，使用如混凝土这样的脆性材料需要深入理解其局限性。虽然混凝土在压缩方面很强，但在拉伸方面相对较弱。这就是为什么钢筋（或称钢筋混凝土）通常嵌入混凝土结构中的原因。钢材的延展性与混凝土的抗压强度的结合，使得结构更加坚韧，可以承受各种力量而不发生失效。此外，温度也会显著影响脆性材料的性能。许多脆性材料在低温下变得更加脆弱。例如，玻璃在寒冷环境中可能变得危险地脆弱，导致在冲击下更容易破裂。因此，了解脆性材料将被使用的环境条件对于确保安全和耐用性至关重要。在技术领域，脆性材料的使用也在电子设备的生产中得到了探索。例如，智能手机和平板电脑的屏幕通常由玻璃制成，这是一种脆性材料。制造商开发了更坚固的玻璃变体，如Gorilla Glass，以提高抗刮擦和抗冲击能力。然而，即使在技术进步的情况下，脆性材料的固有特性意味着它们在受到足够的力量时仍然可能意外失效。总之，研究脆性材料在各个行业中都是至关重要的，从建筑到电子产品。理解它们的特性帮助工程师和设计师创造出更安全、更有效的产品。随着技术的发展，挑战仍然在于增强脆性材料的性能，同时最小化其弱点。通过继续研究和创新，我们可以更好地利用脆性材料的独特特性以用于未来的应用。最终目标是平衡强度、耐久性和灵活性，以满足我们不断发展的世界的需求。