bottom friction

简明释义

底部摩擦

英英释义

例句

1.To reduce bottom friction, many vessels are coated with special anti-fouling paint.

为了减少底部摩擦，许多船只涂上了特殊的防污漆。

2.The marine engineer explained how bottom friction affects the speed of ships in shallow waters.

海洋工程师解释了底部摩擦如何影响船只在浅水中的速度。

3.In the study of fluid dynamics, bottom friction is a crucial factor in sediment transport.

在流体动力学研究中，底部摩擦是沉积物运输的一个关键因素。

4.Engineers are developing new hull designs to minimize bottom friction in order to enhance efficiency.

工程师们正在开发新的船体设计，以最小化底部摩擦以提高效率。

5.The captain noted that increased bottom friction could lead to higher fuel consumption.

船长注意到，增加的底部摩擦可能导致更高的燃料消耗。

作文

In the study of fluid dynamics, one of the critical factors that engineers and scientists must consider is bottom friction. This term refers to the resistance encountered by a fluid when it flows over a surface, particularly at the bottom of a body of water such as a river, lake, or ocean. Understanding bottom friction is essential for various applications, including navigation, environmental science, and civil engineering. When a fluid moves, it experiences shear stress due to the viscosity of the fluid and the roughness of the surface it interacts with. The interaction between the fluid and the bottom surface leads to energy loss, which is characterized by bottom friction or drag. This phenomenon can significantly affect the flow velocity and direction, making it a crucial consideration in the design of structures such as bridges, dams, and ships. For instance, in hydrodynamic modeling, accurate calculations of bottom friction are necessary to predict how water will behave in response to various forces. Engineers use empirical formulas and experimental data to estimate the frictional forces acting on the bottom surface. These estimates help in designing efficient waterway systems that minimize energy loss and ensure safe navigation. Moreover, bottom friction plays a vital role in sediment transport. As water flows over the bottom, it can pick up and carry sediments, which can lead to erosion or deposition depending on the flow conditions. Understanding the relationship between flow velocity, sediment size, and bottom friction is essential for managing river systems and preventing flooding. For example, if the bottom friction is too high, it may prevent sediment from being transported, leading to sediment buildup and potential blockages. Conversely, low bottom friction can result in excessive erosion, threatening ecosystems and human infrastructure. In coastal engineering, the effects of bottom friction become even more pronounced. Waves crashing onto the shore interact with the seabed, and the friction generated can influence wave height and energy dissipation. Engineers must account for bottom friction when designing coastal defenses, such as seawalls and breakwaters, to protect against storm surges and erosion. Furthermore, the study of bottom friction extends into environmental science, where researchers examine its impact on aquatic ecosystems. The friction between water and the bottom can affect nutrient distribution, oxygen levels, and the habitat availability for various aquatic organisms. Understanding these dynamics is critical for conservation efforts and sustainable management of water resources. In conclusion, bottom friction is a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics that has far-reaching implications across multiple fields. From engineering and navigation to environmental science, recognizing the significance of bottom friction allows professionals to make informed decisions that enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability. By continuing to study and refine our understanding of bottom friction, we can better manage our water resources and protect the environments that depend on them.

在流体动力学研究中，工程师和科学家必须考虑的一个关键因素是底部摩擦。这个术语指的是流体在流过表面时遇到的阻力，特别是在河流、湖泊或海洋等水体的底部。理解底部摩擦对于导航、环境科学和土木工程等各种应用至关重要。当流体移动时，由于流体的粘度和它所接触表面的粗糙度，它会经历剪切应力。流体与底部表面之间的相互作用导致能量损失，这种现象被称为底部摩擦或阻力。这一现象可以显著影响流速和方向，使其成为桥梁、大坝和船只等结构设计中的关键考虑因素。例如，在水动力建模中，准确计算底部摩擦对于预测水流在各种力作用下的行为是必要的。工程师使用经验公式和实验数据来估计作用在底面上的摩擦力。这些估计有助于设计高效的水道系统，以最小化能量损失并确保安全导航。此外，底部摩擦在沉积物运输中也发挥着重要作用。当水流过底部时，它可以带走沉积物，这可能导致侵蚀或沉积，具体取决于流动条件。理解流速、沉积物大小与底部摩擦之间的关系对于管理河流系统和防止洪水至关重要。例如，如果底部摩擦过高，可能会阻止沉积物的运输，导致沉积物堆积和潜在的堵塞。相反，低底部摩擦可能导致过度侵蚀，威胁生态系统和人类基础设施。在沿海工程中，底部摩擦的影响变得更加明显。波浪冲击岸边时与海床的相互作用，产生的摩擦力可以影响波高和能量耗散。工程师在设计海岸防御设施（如护岸和防波堤）时，必须考虑底部摩擦，以防止风暴潮和侵蚀。此外，底部摩擦的研究还扩展到环境科学，研究人员研究其对水生生态系统的影响。水与底部之间的摩擦可以影响营养物质分布、氧气水平以及各种水生生物的栖息地可用性。理解这些动态对于保护工作和可持续水资源管理至关重要。总之，底部摩擦是流体动力学中的一个基本概念，具有广泛的影响，涉及多个领域。从工程和导航到环境科学，认识到底部摩擦的重要性使专业人士能够做出明智的决策，从而提高安全性、效率和可持续性。通过继续研究和完善对底部摩擦的理解，我们可以更好地管理水资源，并保护依赖于这些资源的环境。