surface runoff

简明释义

地面径流

英英释义

例句

1.The management of surface runoff 地表径流 is crucial for maintaining water quality in nearby rivers and lakes.

管理 地表径流 surface runoff 对于维持附近河流和湖泊的水质至关重要。

2.In some regions, excessive surface runoff 地表径流 can lead to the contamination of groundwater supplies.

在某些地区，过量的 地表径流 surface runoff 可能导致地下水源的污染。

3.Farmers must manage surface runoff 地表径流 to prevent soil erosion and nutrient loss from their fields.

农民必须管理 地表径流 surface runoff 以防止土壤侵蚀和养分流失。

4.Urban areas often experience high levels of surface runoff 地表径流 due to impervious surfaces like roads and buildings.

城市地区由于道路和建筑等不透水表面的存在，通常会经历高水平的 地表径流 surface runoff。

5.During heavy rainfall, the amount of surface runoff 地表径流 can increase significantly, leading to flooding.

在大雨期间，地表径流 surface runoff 的量可能会显著增加，导致洪水。

作文

Surface runoff is a crucial concept in hydrology and environmental science. It refers to the water that flows over the ground surface when precipitation, such as rain or snowmelt, exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. Understanding surface runoff is essential for managing water resources, preventing flooding, and protecting ecosystems. When rain falls, some of it soaks into the ground, replenishing groundwater supplies, while the rest flows over the surface. This excess water can lead to various environmental impacts if not properly managed.One of the primary factors influencing surface runoff is the type of land cover present in an area. Urban environments, with their concrete surfaces and limited vegetation, tend to have higher rates of surface runoff compared to rural areas with ample soil and plants. This is due to the impervious nature of urban surfaces, which prevents water from infiltrating the ground. As a result, cities often experience flash floods during heavy rain events, leading to property damage and increased pollution in nearby water bodies.Agricultural practices also play a significant role in determining the amount of surface runoff. For instance, fields that are heavily tilled or devoid of vegetation can create conditions that promote erosion and increase runoff. On the other hand, implementing sustainable farming practices, such as crop rotation and cover cropping, can enhance soil structure and reduce surface runoff. These practices help retain moisture in the soil, allowing more water to infiltrate rather than flow over the surface.Moreover, surface runoff is closely linked to water quality issues. As water travels over the land, it can pick up pollutants like fertilizers, pesticides, and sediments, which then enter rivers, lakes, and oceans. This contamination can harm aquatic life and disrupt ecosystems. Therefore, understanding how to manage surface runoff is vital for maintaining clean water sources. Implementing green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavements, can significantly reduce runoff and improve water quality by allowing water to infiltrate and filter through the soil.Climate change is another factor that affects surface runoff. Changes in precipitation patterns, increased intensity of storms, and rising temperatures can all lead to increased runoff. Regions that were once able to absorb rainfall may find themselves overwhelmed by sudden downpours, resulting in more frequent flooding and erosion. It is crucial for policymakers and urban planners to consider these changes when designing infrastructure and managing water resources.In conclusion, surface runoff is a complex phenomenon that has significant implications for our environment and society. By understanding its causes and effects, we can develop better strategies to manage water resources, protect ecosystems, and mitigate the impacts of climate change. Whether through sustainable agricultural practices, effective urban planning, or innovative water management solutions, addressing surface runoff is essential for fostering a sustainable future. The importance of this concept cannot be overstated, as it directly influences our water supply, environmental health, and overall resilience to climate-related challenges.

地表径流是水文学和环境科学中的一个重要概念。它指的是当降水（如雨水或融雪）超过土壤的渗透能力时，流过地表的水。理解地表径流对于管理水资源、预防洪水和保护生态系统至关重要。当雨水降落时，其中一部分渗入地下，补充地下水，而其余部分则在地表流动。这种过量的水如果没有得到妥善管理，可能会导致各种环境影响。影响地表径流的主要因素之一是某个地区的土地覆盖类型。城市环境由于其混凝土表面和有限的植被，与拥有丰富土壤和植物的农村地区相比，往往具有更高的地表径流率。这是因为城市表面的不透水性阻止了水分渗入地下。因此，城市在暴雨期间常常经历突发性洪水，导致财产损失和附近水体污染增加。农业实践也在决定地表径流的数量方面发挥着重要作用。例如，耕作过度或缺乏植被的田地可能会造成促进侵蚀并增加径流的条件。另一方面，实施可持续农业实践，如轮作和覆盖作物，可以改善土壤结构并减少地表径流。这些做法有助于保持土壤中的水分，使更多的水分能够渗透而不是在地表流动。此外，地表径流与水质问题密切相关。当水在地面上流动时，它可能会携带肥料、农药和沉积物等污染物，这些污染物随后进入河流、湖泊和海洋。这种污染可能会对水生生物造成伤害，破坏生态系统。因此，理解如何管理地表径流对维护清洁水源至关重要。实施绿色基础设施，例如雨水花园和透水铺装，可以显著减少径流，并通过使水分渗透和过滤到土壤中来改善水质。气候变化是另一个影响地表径流的因素。降水模式的变化、暴风雨强度的增加和气温上升都可能导致径流增加。曾经能够吸收降雨的地区可能会发现自己在突如其来的倾盆大雨中不堪重负，导致更频繁的洪水和侵蚀。政策制定者和城市规划者在设计基础设施和管理水资源时，必须考虑这些变化。总之，地表径流是一个复杂的现象，对我们的环境和社会具有重要影响。通过理解其原因和影响，我们可以制定更好的策略来管理水资源、保护生态系统，并减轻气候变化的影响。无论是通过可持续的农业实践、有效的城市规划还是创新的水管理解决方案，解决地表径流问题对于促进可持续未来至关重要。这个概念的重要性不容低估，因为它直接影响我们的水供应、环境健康以及整体应对气候相关挑战的韧性。