sulfate attack

简明释义

硫酸盐侵蚀

英英释义

例句

1.Engineers must consider sulfate attack when designing foundations in sulfate-rich soils.

工程师在设计富含硫酸盐的土壤基础时，必须考虑到硫酸盐侵蚀。

2.Preventative measures against sulfate attack include using low-permeability concrete.

防止硫酸盐侵蚀的措施包括使用低渗透性混凝土。

3.The contractor used additives to mitigate the effects of sulfate attack in the new construction.

承包商在新建筑中使用了添加剂以减轻硫酸盐侵蚀的影响。

4.A recent study highlighted the impact of sulfate attack on the longevity of concrete pavements.

最近的一项研究强调了硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土路面耐久性的影响。

5.The concrete structure showed signs of sulfate attack after years of exposure to groundwater.

经过多年暴露于地下水后，混凝土结构出现了硫酸盐侵蚀的迹象。

作文

In the field of civil engineering, the durability of concrete structures is a significant concern. One of the most critical issues that can affect the lifespan and integrity of concrete is known as sulfate attack. This phenomenon occurs when sulfate ions in the environment react with compounds in the concrete, leading to expansion and cracking. Understanding sulfate attack is essential for engineers and builders, as it can lead to substantial repair costs and safety hazards if not properly managed.Sulfates are naturally occurring minerals found in soil and groundwater. When concrete is exposed to these sulfates, particularly in areas near seawater or industrial sites, the sulfate ions can penetrate the concrete matrix. The primary reaction involves the formation of ettringite, a crystalline compound that can expand significantly within the concrete. This expansion exerts pressure on the surrounding material, causing cracks and ultimately compromising the structural integrity of the concrete.There are two main types of sulfate attack: external and internal. External sulfate attack occurs when sulfates from the surrounding environment infiltrate the concrete. This is often seen in structures built near saline bodies of water or in regions with high sulfate soil content. Conversely, internal sulfate attack happens when sulfates are present in the concrete mix itself, often due to the use of certain types of aggregates or cement that contain sulfate-bearing minerals.To mitigate the risks associated with sulfate attack, engineers must conduct thorough site investigations before construction. This includes testing soil and groundwater for sulfate levels. If high sulfate concentrations are detected, it may be necessary to use special types of cement, such as sulfate-resistant cement, or to incorporate supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash or slag that can help reduce the potential for sulfate attack.Additionally, proper design and construction practices can help minimize the risk. This includes ensuring adequate drainage to prevent water accumulation around the structure, which can exacerbate sulfate exposure. Moreover, applying protective coatings or sealants can provide an additional barrier against sulfate ingress.In conclusion, sulfate attack is a critical issue that can significantly impact the durability of concrete structures. By understanding the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and implementing appropriate prevention strategies, engineers can enhance the longevity and safety of their constructions. Awareness and proactive measures are essential in combating the detrimental effects of sulfate attack, ensuring that concrete structures remain robust and reliable for years to come.

在土木工程领域，混凝土结构的耐久性是一个重要问题。影响混凝土使用寿命和完整性的一个关键问题被称为硫酸盐侵袭。当环境中的硫酸盐离子与混凝土中的化合物反应时，就会发生这种现象，导致膨胀和开裂。理解硫酸盐侵袭对于工程师和建筑商至关重要，因为如果管理不当，可能会导致巨大的维修成本和安全隐患。硫酸盐是土壤和地下水中自然存在的矿物质。当混凝土暴露在这些硫酸盐中时，特别是在靠近海水或工业场所的区域，硫酸盐离子可能会渗透到混凝土基体中。主要反应涉及形成膨胀石，这是一种在混凝土内部可以显著膨胀的结晶化合物。这种膨胀对周围材料施加压力，导致裂缝，并最终损害混凝土的结构完整性。硫酸盐侵袭有两种主要类型：外部和内部。外部硫酸盐侵袭发生在周围环境中的硫酸盐渗透混凝土时。这通常出现在建于靠近盐水体或高硫酸盐土壤含量地区的结构中。相反，内部硫酸盐侵袭发生在混凝土混合物本身存在硫酸盐时，通常是由于使用某些类型的骨料或水泥，这些材料含有硫酸盐矿物。为了减轻与硫酸盐侵袭相关的风险，工程师在施工前必须进行彻底的现场调查。这包括测试土壤和地下水中的硫酸盐水平。如果检测到高硫酸盐浓度，可能需要使用特殊类型的水泥，例如抗硫酸盐水泥，或加入如粉煤灰或矿渣等补充水泥材料，以帮助减少硫酸盐侵袭的潜在性。此外，适当的设计和施工实践可以帮助最小化风险。这包括确保有足够的排水，以防止水在结构周围积聚，这可能会加剧硫酸盐暴露。此外，涂抹保护涂层或密封剂可以提供额外的屏障，以防止硫酸盐渗入。总之，硫酸盐侵袭是一个关键问题，可能会显著影响混凝土结构的耐久性。通过理解这一现象背后的机制并实施适当的预防策略，工程师可以增强其建筑的使用寿命和安全性。提高意识和采取主动措施对于应对硫酸盐侵袭的有害影响至关重要，确保混凝土结构在未来几年内保持坚固可靠。