plastic cracking

简明释义

塑性开裂

英英释义

例句

1.During the inspection, the team found multiple instances of plastic cracking in the older models.

在检查过程中，团队发现旧型号中有多处塑料开裂的情况。

2.The technician noticed plastic cracking on the surface of the component after prolonged exposure to UV light.

技术员注意到该部件表面在长时间暴露于紫外线下出现了塑料开裂。

3.The engineer explained that plastic cracking occurs when the material is subjected to stress beyond its limits.

工程师解释说，塑料开裂发生在材料承受超过其极限的应力时。

4.In the manufacturing process, we must monitor for signs of plastic cracking to ensure product quality.

在制造过程中，我们必须监测塑料开裂的迹象以确保产品质量。

5.To prevent plastic cracking, it is important to select the right type of plastic for the application.

为了防止塑料开裂，选择适合该应用的塑料类型非常重要。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the mechanical properties of materials is crucial for designing structures that can withstand various stresses and strains. One critical phenomenon that engineers must consider is plastic cracking, which refers to the formation of cracks in a material after it has undergone plastic deformation. This typically occurs when a material is subjected to excessive stress beyond its yield strength, leading to permanent deformation. The study of plastic cracking is particularly important in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, where material failure can have catastrophic consequences.When a material is loaded beyond its elastic limit, it begins to deform plastically. If the applied load continues to increase, the material may eventually reach a point where it can no longer sustain the deformation, resulting in plastic cracking. This cracking can occur in various forms, including shear cracks, tensile cracks, and fatigue cracks, each of which has different implications for the integrity of the material.For instance, in metals, plastic cracking often leads to sudden failure due to the rapid propagation of cracks once they initiate. This is especially problematic in structural applications where safety is paramount. Engineers must account for factors such as temperature, loading conditions, and material composition to predict and mitigate the risk of plastic cracking. In contrast, polymers may exhibit more ductility, allowing them to absorb more energy before failing, but they are not immune to this phenomenon.The mechanisms behind plastic cracking can be complex and are influenced by several factors, including microstructural characteristics, environmental conditions, and loading rates. For example, in high-performance alloys used in aerospace applications, the presence of impurities or defects can significantly reduce the material's resistance to plastic cracking. Similarly, exposure to corrosive environments can accelerate crack initiation and growth, leading to premature failure.To prevent plastic cracking, engineers employ various strategies during the design and manufacturing processes. These may include selecting appropriate materials with high toughness, optimizing geometries to reduce stress concentrations, and applying surface treatments to enhance resistance to crack initiation. Additionally, non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic testing or x-ray diffraction, can be utilized to detect early signs of plastic cracking, allowing for timely maintenance and repairs.In conclusion, plastic cracking is a significant concern in material science that can impact the performance and safety of structures and components. A comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon is essential for engineers and designers. Through careful material selection, design optimization, and regular inspection, the risks associated with plastic cracking can be effectively managed, ensuring the longevity and reliability of engineered systems.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的机械性能对于设计能够承受各种应力和应变的结构至关重要。工程师必须考虑的一个关键现象是塑性开裂，它指的是材料在经历塑性变形后形成裂缝。这通常发生在材料承受超过其屈服强度的过大应力时，导致永久变形。对塑性开裂的研究在航空航天、汽车和建筑等行业尤为重要，因为材料失效可能会导致灾难性后果。当材料在弹性极限以上受载时，它开始发生塑性变形。如果施加的载荷继续增加，材料可能最终达到一个点，在这个点上它无法再维持变形，导致塑性开裂。这种开裂可以以多种形式出现，包括剪切裂缝、拉伸裂缝和疲劳裂缝，每种形式对材料的完整性有不同的影响。例如，在金属中，塑性开裂通常会导致由于裂缝一旦产生就迅速扩展而导致的突然失效。这在结构应用中尤其成问题，因为安全性至关重要。工程师必须考虑温度、加载条件和材料成分等因素，以预测和减轻塑性开裂的风险。相比之下，聚合物可能表现出更高的韧性，使其能在失效前吸收更多能量，但它们也并非免疫于这种现象。导致塑性开裂的机制可能很复杂，并受到多种因素的影响，包括微观结构特征、环境条件和加载速率。例如，在航空航天应用中使用的高性能合金中，杂质或缺陷的存在可能显著降低材料抵抗塑性开裂的能力。同样，暴露于腐蚀性环境中可能加速裂缝的产生和生长，导致提前失效。为了防止塑性开裂，工程师在设计和制造过程中采用各种策略。这些可能包括选择高韧性的适当材料，优化几何形状以减少应力集中，以及应用表面处理以增强对裂缝产生的抵抗力。此外，超声波测试或X射线衍射等无损检测方法可用于检测塑性开裂的早期迹象，从而允许及时维护和修理。总之，塑性开裂是材料科学中的一个重要问题，可能影响结构和组件的性能与安全。全面理解导致这一现象的因素对于工程师和设计师至关重要。通过仔细的材料选择、设计优化和定期检查，可以有效管理与塑性开裂相关的风险，从而确保工程系统的长期可靠性。