permanent deformation

简明释义

残余变形

英英释义

例句

1.The plastic bottle showed signs of permanent deformation after being crushed.

塑料瓶在被压扁后显示出永久变形的迹象。

2.The metal rod experienced permanent deformation after being subjected to excessive heat and pressure.

金属棒在承受过大的热量和压力后经历了永久变形。

3.In construction, permanent deformation can lead to structural failures if not properly accounted for.

在建筑中，如果没有适当考虑，永久变形可能导致结构失效。

4.Engineers must calculate the limits to avoid permanent deformation in materials used for bridges.

工程师必须计算材料的极限，以避免桥梁使用过程中出现永久变形。

5.When testing the elasticity of rubber, we found that it reached permanent deformation after multiple stretches.

在测试橡胶的弹性时，我们发现经过多次拉伸后它达到了永久变形。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the behavior of materials under various conditions is crucial. One important concept that engineers and designers must grasp is permanent deformation, which refers to the irreversible change in shape or size of a material when subjected to stress beyond its elastic limit. This phenomenon can significantly impact the performance and longevity of structures and products. When a material is loaded, it initially deforms elastically, meaning it will return to its original shape once the load is removed. However, if the applied stress exceeds a certain threshold, known as the yield strength, the material will undergo permanent deformation or plastic deformation. This change is not reversible, and the material will not regain its original dimensions even after the load is taken away.The implications of permanent deformation are profound, especially in industries where safety and reliability are paramount, such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering. For instance, consider a bridge that experiences heavy traffic loads over time. If the materials used in its construction undergo permanent deformation, the structural integrity of the bridge could be compromised, leading to potential failures. Engineers must account for this when designing structures, ensuring that materials can withstand expected loads without undergoing permanent deformation.To mitigate the risks associated with permanent deformation, engineers often conduct extensive testing on materials to determine their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility. By understanding how different materials respond to stress, they can select appropriate materials for specific applications. For example, metals like steel and aluminum are frequently used in construction due to their high strength and resistance to permanent deformation. On the other hand, softer materials may be suitable for applications where flexibility is more important than strength.Moreover, the manufacturing processes also play a crucial role in determining a material's susceptibility to permanent deformation. Processes such as forging, casting, and machining can influence the microstructure of a material, ultimately affecting its mechanical properties. Engineers must therefore consider not only the material selection but also the production methods to minimize the risk of permanent deformation in the final product.In conclusion, permanent deformation is a key concept in materials science that signifies an irreversible change in shape due to excessive stress. Its understanding is vital for engineers to design safe and reliable structures. By selecting appropriate materials and considering manufacturing processes, engineers can effectively manage the risks associated with permanent deformation, ensuring the durability and performance of various applications. As technology advances, the study of materials and their behaviors continues to evolve, providing new insights and solutions to enhance our built environment and everyday products.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料在各种条件下的行为至关重要。工程师和设计师必须掌握的一个重要概念是永久变形，它指的是材料在超过其弹性极限时所发生的不可逆形状或尺寸变化。这种现象可能会显著影响结构和产品的性能和寿命。当材料受力时，它最初会发生弹性变形，意味着一旦去除负载，它将恢复到原来的形状。然而，如果施加的应力超过某个阈值，即屈服强度，材料将经历永久变形或塑性变形。这种变化是不可逆的，即使去除负载，材料也不会恢复到原来的尺寸。永久变形的影响深远，尤其是在航空航天、汽车和土木工程等安全和可靠性至关重要的行业中。例如，考虑一座随着时间推移而承受重交通负荷的桥梁。如果用于建造的材料经历了永久变形，桥梁的结构完整性可能会受到损害，导致潜在的故障。因此，工程师在设计结构时必须考虑这一点，确保材料能够承受预期的负荷而不发生永久变形。为了减轻与永久变形相关的风险，工程师通常对材料进行广泛的测试，以确定其机械性能，包括抗拉强度、屈服强度和延展性。通过了解不同材料如何响应应力，他们可以为特定应用选择合适的材料。例如，钢和铝等金属因其高强度和对永久变形的抵抗力而常用于建筑。而较软的材料可能更适合在灵活性比强度更重要的应用中使用。此外，制造过程在决定材料对永久变形的敏感性方面也起着至关重要的作用。锻造、铸造和机械加工等工艺可以影响材料的微观结构，最终影响其机械性能。因此，工程师不仅必须考虑材料选择，还必须考虑生产方法，以尽量减少最终产品中永久变形的风险。总之，永久变形是材料科学中的一个关键概念，表示由于过度应力而发生的不可逆形状变化。理解这一点对于工程师设计安全可靠的结构至关重要。通过选择适当的材料和考虑制造过程，工程师可以有效管理与永久变形相关的风险，确保各种应用的耐用性和性能。随着技术的进步，对材料及其行为的研究不断发展，提供了新的见解和解决方案，以增强我们建造的环境和日常产品。