passive earth pressure

简明释义

被动地压

英英释义

例句

1.Engineers often calculate passive earth pressure 被动土压力 when determining the load on foundations.

工程师在确定基础负荷时，经常计算被动土压力 passive earth pressure。

2.The passive earth pressure 被动土压力 acts on the wall when soil moves away from it.

当土壤从墙壁移动时，被动土压力 passive earth pressure 会作用于墙面。

3.A thorough understanding of passive earth pressure 被动土压力 is crucial for safe excavation practices.

对被动土压力 passive earth pressure 的透彻理解对于安全挖掘实践至关重要。

4.The calculations for passive earth pressure 被动土压力 help prevent structural failures in basements.

对于地下室的结构失效，被动土压力 passive earth pressure 的计算有助于防止。

5.The design of retaining walls must account for the effects of passive earth pressure 被动土压力 to ensure stability.

挡土墙的设计必须考虑到被动土压力 passive earth pressure 的影响，以确保稳定性。

作文

Understanding the concept of passive earth pressure is crucial for engineers and architects who work with retaining walls and other structures that interact with soil. Passive earth pressure refers to the lateral pressure exerted by soil on a structure when the structure moves away from the soil. This phenomenon occurs due to the natural tendency of soil to resist movement, and it plays a significant role in the stability of various civil engineering projects. The calculation of passive earth pressure is essential for ensuring that structures can withstand the forces exerted upon them without failing.To better understand passive earth pressure, one must first consider its counterpart, active earth pressure. While active earth pressure occurs when soil exerts pressure on a structure that is moving towards it, passive earth pressure comes into play when the structure is moving away from the soil. This movement can be caused by several factors, including excavation, settlement, or intentional design features such as sloping walls.The principles governing passive earth pressure are derived from the theories of soil mechanics. One of the most commonly used theories is Rankine's theory, which provides a simplified approach to calculating the lateral pressures exerted by soil. According to this theory, the passive earth pressure can be calculated using the equation: Pp = 0.5 * γ * H^2 * Kp, where Pp is the passive earth pressure, γ is the unit weight of the soil, H is the height of the wall, and Kp is the coefficient of passive earth pressure.The coefficient of passive earth pressure (Kp) depends on the angle of internal friction of the soil and can be determined using the formula: Kp = tan²(45° + φ/2), where φ is the angle of internal friction. This relationship shows that as the angle of internal friction increases, the passive earth pressure also increases, indicating that stronger soils provide greater resistance against movement.In practice, understanding and calculating passive earth pressure is vital for designing retaining walls, foundations, and other structures that must resist lateral soil pressures. Engineers often conduct site-specific soil tests to determine the properties of the soil, including its unit weight and angle of internal friction, to accurately calculate the passive earth pressure that will be exerted on their structures.Moreover, the design of retaining walls must account for both active earth pressure and passive earth pressure to ensure stability. A well-designed retaining wall will utilize the benefits of passive earth pressure to help hold back soil while minimizing the risk of failure due to excessive lateral pressures. Proper drainage systems and wall backfill materials are also critical components in managing these pressures effectively.In conclusion, the concept of passive earth pressure is an essential aspect of geotechnical engineering. It represents the lateral pressure exerted by soil when a structure moves away from it, and understanding this concept is key to designing safe and effective structures. By applying the principles of soil mechanics and conducting thorough analyses, engineers can ensure that their designs can withstand the forces of nature, ultimately leading to safer buildings and infrastructure. As the field of civil engineering continues to evolve, the importance of understanding passive earth pressure will remain a fundamental aspect of the profession.

理解被动土压力的概念对于从事与土壤相互作用的挡土墙和其他结构的工程师和建筑师至关重要。被动土压力是指当结构远离土壤移动时，土壤对结构施加的侧向压力。这种现象是由于土壤自然抵抗运动的倾向而发生的，它在各种土木工程项目的稳定性中发挥着重要作用。计算被动土压力对于确保结构能够承受施加在其上的力量而不发生失效至关重要。为了更好地理解被动土压力，首先必须考虑它的对应概念——主动土压力。当土壤对一个朝向它移动的结构施加压力时，就会发生主动土压力，而被动土压力则在结构远离土壤时发挥作用。这种运动可能由多种因素引起，包括挖掘、沉降或设计特征（如倾斜墙）的意图。支配被动土压力的原理源于土壤力学理论。其中一种最常用的理论是Rankine理论，它提供了一种简化的方法来计算土壤施加的侧向压力。根据该理论，被动土压力可以使用以下公式计算：Pp = 0.5 * γ * H^2 * Kp，其中Pp是被动土压力，γ是土壤的单位重，H是墙的高度，Kp是被动土压力系数。被动土压力的系数（Kp）取决于土壤的内摩擦角，可以使用公式Kp = tan²(45° + φ/2)确定，其中φ是内摩擦角。这个关系表明，随着内摩擦角的增加，被动土压力也会增加，这表明更强的土壤能提供更大的抵抗运动的能力。在实际应用中，理解和计算被动土压力对于设计挡土墙、基础和其他必须抵抗侧向土壤压力的结构至关重要。工程师通常会进行现场特定的土壤测试，以确定土壤的性质，包括单位重和内摩擦角，以准确计算施加在其结构上的被动土压力。此外，挡土墙的设计必须考虑到主动土压力和被动土压力，以确保稳定性。设计良好的挡土墙将利用被动土压力的优势来帮助抵挡土壤，同时最小化因过度侧向压力而导致失效的风险。适当的排水系统和墙体回填材料也是有效管理这些压力的关键组成部分。总之，被动土压力的概念是岩土工程的一个基本方面。它代表了土壤在结构远离它时施加的侧向压力，理解这一概念是设计安全有效结构的关键。通过应用土壤力学的原理并进行彻底的分析，工程师可以确保他们的设计能够承受自然力量，最终导致更安全的建筑和基础设施。随着土木工程领域的不断发展，理解被动土压力的重要性将始终是这一职业的基本方面。