hydraulic jump

简明释义

水跃

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding the hydraulic jump 水力跳跃 phenomenon is essential for predicting sediment transport in rivers.

理解水力跳跃 hydraulic jump现象对于预测河流中的沉积物运输至关重要。

2.Engineers often analyze the hydraulic jump 水力跳跃 to design spillways that can handle excess water during floods.

工程师们常常分析水力跳跃 hydraulic jump以设计能够在洪水期间处理多余水量的溢洪道。

3.During the experiment, we observed a clear hydraulic jump 水力跳跃 when the flow rate was increased suddenly.

在实验过程中，当流量突然增加时，我们观察到了明显的水力跳跃 hydraulic jump。

4.In open channel flow, a sudden decrease in water velocity can create a hydraulic jump 水力跳跃, which is crucial for energy dissipation.

在开放渠道流动中，水流速度的突然下降可以形成一个水力跳跃 hydraulic jump，这对能量消散至关重要。

5.The formation of a hydraulic jump 水力跳跃 can lead to increased turbulence and mixing in the water body.

一个水力跳跃 hydraulic jump的形成可以导致水体中湍流和混合的增加。

作文

The concept of a hydraulic jump is fundamental in fluid mechanics, particularly when studying open channel flow. A hydraulic jump occurs when there is a sudden change in the flow regime of a liquid, typically from a supercritical state to a subcritical state. This phenomenon can be observed in various natural and artificial water bodies, such as rivers, spillways, and drainage systems. Understanding hydraulic jumps is crucial for engineers and designers who work on water-related projects. When water flows rapidly over a surface, it can reach a point where its velocity exceeds a certain threshold, resulting in a supercritical flow. In this state, the flow is characterized by low pressure and high velocity. However, when the flow encounters an obstacle or a sudden change in channel geometry, it can no longer maintain this high-speed flow. As a result, the water experiences a hydraulic jump, transitioning to a slower, subcritical flow characterized by higher pressure and lower velocity. One of the most striking features of a hydraulic jump is the turbulence that accompanies the transition. This turbulence creates a chaotic mixing of water, which can lead to energy dissipation. The energy loss associated with a hydraulic jump is essential for preventing erosion downstream and ensuring the stability of riverbanks and structures. Engineers often utilize this knowledge when designing weirs and spillways to manage excess water flow effectively. There are different types of hydraulic jumps, each depending on the flow conditions and the geometry of the channel. The most common types are the stationary jump, where the jump location remains fixed, and the moving jump, where the jump travels downstream. The characteristics of these jumps can vary significantly based on factors such as the Froude number, which measures the ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces in the flow. In practical applications, understanding hydraulic jumps allows engineers to predict how water will behave under various conditions. For instance, when designing a dam spillway, engineers must consider the potential for hydraulic jumps to ensure that the structure can safely handle the flow of water during heavy rainfall or snowmelt. By calculating the expected flow rates and identifying potential jump locations, they can design spillways that minimize the risk of flooding and erosion. In conclusion, the study of hydraulic jumps is a vital aspect of fluid mechanics that has significant implications for civil engineering and environmental management. By understanding how and why hydraulic jumps occur, engineers can create more effective designs that protect our waterways and surrounding ecosystems. As we continue to face challenges related to water management and climate change, the importance of mastering concepts like hydraulic jumps will only grow. The ability to harness and control the power of water is essential for building sustainable infrastructure that can withstand the test of time and nature.

“水力跳跃”这一概念在流体力学中是基础性的，尤其是在研究明渠流动时。“水力跳跃”发生在液体的流动状态突然变化时，通常是从超临界状态转变为亚临界状态。这一现象可以在各种自然和人工水体中观察到，如河流、溢洪道和排水系统。理解“水力跳跃”对从事水相关项目的工程师和设计师至关重要。当水快速流过一个表面时，它可能会达到一种流速超过某个阈值的点，从而导致超临界流。在这种状态下，流动的特征是低压和高速。然而，当流动遇到障碍物或渠道几何形状的突然变化时，它将无法维持这种高速流动。因此，水经历了一个“水力跳跃”，过渡到一个较慢的、亚临界流动，其特征是高压和低速。“水力跳跃”的一个显著特征是伴随过渡而产生的湍流。这种湍流导致水的混合混乱，从而导致能量耗散。与“水力跳跃”相关的能量损失对于防止下游侵蚀和确保河岸及结构的稳定性至关重要。工程师们在设计堰和溢洪道时，经常利用这些知识来有效管理过量的水流。“水力跳跃”有不同类型，每种类型取决于流动条件和渠道的几何形状。最常见的类型是静态跳跃，其中跳跃位置保持固定，以及移动跳跃，其中跳跃向下游移动。这些跳跃的特征可能会因诸如弗劳德数等因素而显著变化，弗劳德数测量流动中惯性力与重力力的比率。在实际应用中，理解“水力跳跃”使工程师能够预测水在各种条件下的行为。例如，在设计大坝溢洪道时，工程师必须考虑“水力跳跃”的潜在风险，以确保结构能够安全处理在大雨或融雪期间的水流。通过计算预期的流量并识别潜在的跳跃位置，他们可以设计出最小化洪水和侵蚀风险的溢洪道。总之，“水力跳跃”的研究是流体力学的一个重要方面，对土木工程和环境管理具有重要意义。通过理解“水力跳跃”的发生原因和方式，工程师可以创建更有效的设计，以保护我们的水道和周围的生态系统。随着我们继续面临与水管理和气候变化相关的挑战，掌握“水力跳跃”等概念的重要性只会增加。利用和控制水的力量的能力对于建设能够经受时间和自然考验的可持续基础设施至关重要。