elongation at rupture

简明释义

断裂延伸

英英释义

例句

1.Engineers must consider the elongation at rupture when designing components that will undergo significant stress.

工程师在设计会承受重大压力的组件时，必须考虑断裂伸长率。

2.The elongation at rupture is a critical factor in determining the suitability of materials for flexible applications.

在确定材料是否适合灵活应用时，断裂伸长率是一个关键因素。

3.In our lab tests, we found that the elongation at rupture of the polymer was significantly higher than that of the metal.

在我们的实验室测试中，我们发现该聚合物的断裂伸长率明显高于金属。

4.The material's tensile strength is often evaluated by measuring the elongation at rupture, which indicates how much it can stretch before breaking.

材料的抗拉强度通常通过测量断裂伸长率来评估，这表明它在断裂前可以伸展多少。

5.A low elongation at rupture typically indicates brittleness in a material.

低的断裂伸长率通常表明材料的脆性。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the mechanical properties of materials is crucial for their application in various industries. One of the key parameters used to characterize a material's ductility is its elongation at rupture. This term refers to the percentage increase in length that a material undergoes before it breaks when subjected to tensile stress. Essentially, it provides insight into how much a material can stretch or deform before failing. The significance of elongation at rupture cannot be understated, as it plays a vital role in determining the suitability of materials for specific applications, especially in construction and manufacturing.When engineers select materials for a project, they often look for those that exhibit high elongation at rupture. Materials with high ductility are generally more desirable because they can absorb energy and deform without fracturing, which is particularly important in structures that must withstand dynamic loads, such as bridges and buildings in earthquake-prone areas. For instance, steel is known for its excellent elongation at rupture, making it a preferred choice in construction. Its ability to stretch significantly before breaking allows it to endure the stresses of heavy loads and environmental changes.On the other hand, materials with low elongation at rupture tend to be brittle and can fail suddenly without much warning. This characteristic is particularly concerning in applications where safety is paramount. For example, certain types of glass or ceramics may have high tensile strength but very low elongation at rupture, making them unsuitable for use in load-bearing applications. Understanding this property helps engineers avoid catastrophic failures by selecting the right materials based on their expected performance under stress.Moreover, the elongation at rupture can vary significantly between different materials and even within the same material depending on factors such as temperature, strain rate, and the presence of impurities. For instance, polymers often exhibit higher elongation at rupture compared to metals, which makes them ideal for applications requiring flexibility and resilience. Conversely, some alloys can be engineered to enhance their ductility, leading to improved elongation at rupture values.Testing for elongation at rupture typically involves a standardized tensile test, where a sample material is pulled until it fractures. The elongation is calculated by measuring the change in length from the original gauge length to the length at fracture, expressed as a percentage of the original length. This test not only provides valuable data on elongation at rupture but also helps determine other important mechanical properties such as yield strength and ultimate tensile strength.In conclusion, the concept of elongation at rupture is fundamental to the understanding of material behavior under stress. It serves as a critical indicator of ductility and helps engineers make informed decisions about material selection for various applications. By considering elongation at rupture alongside other mechanical properties, designers can ensure that their structures are safe, reliable, and capable of withstanding the demands placed upon them. As technology continues to advance, the importance of understanding these properties will only grow, highlighting the need for ongoing research and development in the field of materials science.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的机械性能对于其在各个行业中的应用至关重要。用于表征材料延展性的关键参数之一是断裂时的延伸率。这个术语指的是材料在受到拉伸应力时，在断裂之前所经历的长度百分比增加。基本上，它提供了材料在破裂之前可以拉伸或变形的程度的洞察。断裂时的延伸率的重要性不容小觑，因为它在确定材料在特定应用中的适用性方面发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是在建筑和制造业中。当工程师为项目选择材料时，他们通常会寻找那些表现出高断裂时的延伸率的材料。具有高延展性的材料通常更受欢迎，因为它们可以吸收能量并在不破裂的情况下变形，这在必须承受动态载荷的结构中尤为重要，例如地震多发地区的桥梁和建筑。例如，钢材以其优良的断裂时的延伸率而闻名，使其成为建筑中的首选材料。它在断裂前可以显著拉伸的能力使其能够承受重载和环境变化带来的压力。另一方面，具有低断裂时的延伸率的材料往往是脆性的，可能会在没有太多警告的情况下突然失效。这一特性在安全至关重要的应用中尤其令人担忧。例如，某些类型的玻璃或陶瓷可能具有高抗拉强度，但断裂时的延伸率非常低，因此不适合用于承载应用。理解这一特性有助于工程师通过根据预期的应力下表现选择合适的材料来避免灾难性故障。此外，断裂时的延伸率在不同材料之间以及同一材料内部也可能因温度、应变速率和杂质的存在等因素而显著变化。例如，聚合物通常表现出比金属更高的断裂时的延伸率，这使得它们在需要灵活性和韧性的应用中理想。相反，某些合金可以被设计成增强其延展性，从而提高其断裂时的延伸率值。断裂时的延伸率的测试通常涉及标准化的拉伸测试，其中样品材料被拉伸直到断裂。通过测量从原始标距到断裂时长度的变化来计算延伸率，该变化以原始长度的百分比表示。该测试不仅提供了关于断裂时的延伸率的宝贵数据，还帮助确定其他重要的机械性能，如屈服强度和极限抗拉强度。总之，断裂时的延伸率的概念是理解材料在应力下行为的基础。它作为延展性的关键指标，帮助工程师做出明智的材料选择决策。通过将断裂时的延伸率与其他机械性能一起考虑，设计师可以确保其结构安全、可靠，并能够承受施加于它们的要求。随着技术的不断进步，理解这些性能的重要性只会增加，突显出在材料科学领域持续进行研究和开发的必要性。