effective stress

简明释义

有效应力

英英释义

例句

1.The effective stress principle helps in designing foundations that can withstand loads without failure.

有效应力原理有助于设计能够承受荷载而不发生失效的基础。

2.When analyzing slope stability, engineers must consider the effective stress to predict potential failures.

在分析边坡稳定性时，工程师必须考虑有效应力以预测潜在的失稳。

3.The concept of effective stress is crucial in geotechnical engineering for understanding soil behavior.

在岩土工程中，有效应力的概念对于理解土壤行为至关重要。

4.Changes in groundwater levels can significantly affect the effective stress in soil layers.

地下水位的变化会显著影响土层中的有效应力。

5.In saturated soils, the effective stress can be calculated by subtracting pore water pressure from total stress.

在饱和土壤中，有效应力可以通过从总应力中减去孔隙水压力来计算。

作文

Understanding the concept of effective stress is crucial in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. The term effective stress refers to the stress that contributes to the strength and stability of soil. It is defined as the total stress minus the pore water pressure within the soil. This principle was first introduced by Karl Terzaghi, who is often referred to as the father of modern soil mechanics. Terzaghi's theory emphasizes that the behavior of saturated soils is governed not only by the weight of the soil itself but also by the water present in the pores between soil particles.In practical terms, when we talk about effective stress, we are referring to the stress that is actually transmitted through the soil skeleton. When a load is applied to the ground surface, it generates total stress, which is the sum of the stress due to the weight of the soil above and any additional loads. However, this total stress does not fully represent the stress that affects the soil's strength because some of it is counteracted by the pore water pressure. Therefore, understanding effective stress is essential for predicting how soil will behave under various loading conditions.For instance, consider a scenario where a building is constructed on saturated soil. As construction begins, the weight of the building applies a total stress to the soil beneath. However, if the pore water pressure is high, it can significantly reduce the effective stress. This reduction can lead to issues such as soil liquefaction or excessive settlement, which may compromise the integrity of the structure. Hence, engineers must carefully calculate effective stress to ensure that the soil can support the loads imposed on it without failure.Moreover, the concept of effective stress plays a vital role in various geotechnical applications, including slope stability analysis, foundation design, and earth dam construction. In slope stability, for example, the effective stress determines whether a slope will remain stable or fail. If the effective stress decreases due to an increase in pore water pressure, the risk of landslides increases significantly.In addition to its importance in engineering, effective stress also has implications in environmental studies. For example, in the context of groundwater management, understanding effective stress helps in assessing how changes in water levels affect soil stability and ecosystem health. The interaction between water and soil is complex, and recognizing the role of effective stress allows scientists and engineers to make informed decisions regarding land use and conservation efforts.In conclusion, the concept of effective stress is fundamental in both geotechnical engineering and environmental science. It provides a framework for understanding how stress is transmitted through soil and how it influences the behavior of soil under load. By considering effective stress, engineers can design safer structures, predict potential failures, and manage natural resources more effectively. As we continue to advance our knowledge in these fields, the significance of effective stress will only grow, highlighting the need for ongoing research and education on this critical topic.

理解有效应力的概念在土壤力学和岩土工程领域至关重要。术语有效应力指的是对土壤的强度和稳定性有贡献的应力。它被定义为总应力减去土壤中的孔隙水压力。这个原则最初是由卡尔·特扎基提出的，他通常被称为现代土壤力学之父。特扎基的理论强调，饱和土壤的行为不仅受土壤自身重量的影响，还受到土壤颗粒之间存在的水的影响。在实际应用中，当我们谈论有效应力时，我们指的是实际通过土壤骨架传递的应力。当荷载施加到地面表面时，会产生总应力，即土壤上方的重量和任何额外荷载所产生的应力的总和。然而，这个总应力并不能完全代表影响土壤强度的应力，因为其中一部分会被孔隙水压力抵消。因此，理解有效应力对于预测土壤在各种荷载条件下的行为至关重要。例如，考虑一个建筑物在饱和土壤上建造的场景。当施工开始时，建筑物的重量对下面的土壤施加了总应力。然而，如果孔隙水压力较高，它可能会显著降低有效应力。这种降低可能导致土壤液化或过度沉降等问题，从而危及结构的完整性。因此，工程师必须仔细计算有效应力，以确保土壤能够在不发生失效的情况下支撑施加的荷载。此外，有效应力的概念在各种岩土工程应用中发挥着重要作用，包括边坡稳定性分析、基础设计和土坝建设。在边坡稳定性中，例如，有效应力决定了边坡是保持稳定还是发生失效。如果由于孔隙水压力的增加而导致有效应力降低，滑坡的风险显著增加。除了在工程中的重要性外，有效应力在环境研究中也有重要意义。例如，在地下水管理的背景下，理解有效应力有助于评估水位变化如何影响土壤稳定性和生态系统健康。水与土壤之间的相互作用是复杂的，认识到有效应力的作用使科学家和工程师能够就土地使用和保护工作做出明智的决策。总之，有效应力的概念在岩土工程和环境科学中都是基础性的。它提供了一个框架，用于理解应力如何通过土壤传递以及如何影响土壤在荷载下的行为。通过考虑有效应力，工程师可以设计更安全的结构，预测潜在的失效，并更有效地管理自然资源。随着我们在这些领域知识的不断进步，有效应力的重要性只会增加，突显出对这一关键主题进行持续研究和教育的必要性。