bearing capacity

简明释义

承载能力

英英释义

例句

1.In construction, understanding the bearing capacity is crucial to prevent structural failure.

在建筑中，理解承载能力对于防止结构失效至关重要。

2.The engineer calculated the bearing capacity of the soil before constructing the building.

工程师在建造建筑物之前计算了土壤的承载能力。

3.Before laying the foundation, we need to test the bearing capacity of the site.

在打基础之前，我们需要测试该地点的承载能力。

4.The bearing capacity of the ground was insufficient for the heavy machinery.

地面的承载能力不足以支撑重型机械。

5.A bridge must be designed to exceed the bearing capacity of the materials used.

桥梁的设计必须超过所用材料的承载能力。

作文

The concept of bearing capacity refers to the ability of a material or structure to support loads without experiencing failure or excessive deformation. In engineering and construction, understanding the bearing capacity of soil is crucial for the design of foundations. For instance, when constructing a building, engineers must assess the soil's bearing capacity to ensure it can support the weight of the structure above it. If the soil's bearing capacity is too low, the building may settle unevenly or even collapse over time, leading to catastrophic consequences.To determine the bearing capacity of soil, various tests and calculations are performed. One common method is the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), which involves driving a split-barrel sampler into the ground at specific intervals and measuring the number of blows required to penetrate the soil. This data helps engineers estimate the soil's bearing capacity and make informed decisions about foundation design.Different types of soil have varying bearing capacities. For example, clay soils typically have lower bearing capacities compared to sandy or gravelly soils. This is due to the cohesive properties of clay, which can lead to greater settlement under load. Therefore, in areas where clay is predominant, engineers may need to employ special foundation techniques, such as deep foundations or pile driving, to increase the effective bearing capacity of the site.Moreover, environmental factors can also affect the bearing capacity of soil. Changes in moisture content, temperature fluctuations, and even seismic activity can alter the soil's characteristics and its ability to bear loads. Engineers must take these factors into account during the planning and design phases to ensure that the structure remains safe and stable throughout its lifespan.In addition to soil, the bearing capacity concept extends to other materials used in construction, such as concrete and steel. Each material has its own bearing capacity, which is determined by its strength and structural properties. For example, concrete has a high compressive strength, making it suitable for supporting heavy loads, while steel provides tensile strength, allowing it to withstand forces that pull or stretch.In conclusion, the bearing capacity of materials and structures is a fundamental aspect of civil engineering and construction. It ensures that buildings and infrastructures can safely support the loads they encounter over time. By understanding and calculating the bearing capacity of soil and other materials, engineers can design safe and durable structures that meet the needs of society. Failure to adequately assess the bearing capacity can lead to severe consequences, including structural failure and loss of life. Therefore, it is imperative that engineers prioritize this critical factor in their designs.

承载力的概念指的是材料或结构在不发生失效或过度变形的情况下支持负载的能力。在工程和建筑中，理解土壤的承载力对于基础设计至关重要。例如，在建造建筑物时，工程师必须评估土壤的承载力，以确保其能够支持上方结构的重量。如果土壤的承载力过低，建筑物可能会不均匀沉降，甚至随着时间的推移而倒塌，导致灾难性后果。为了确定土壤的承载力，会进行各种测试和计算。一种常见的方法是标准贯入试验（SPT），该试验涉及在特定间隔内将分体式取样器打入地下，并测量穿透土壤所需的击打次数。这些数据帮助工程师估算土壤的承载力，并做出有关基础设计的明智决策。不同类型的土壤具有不同的承载力。例如，粘土土壤的承载力通常低于沙土或砾石土壤。这是由于粘土的粘聚特性，可能导致在负载下的沉降更大。因此，在粘土占主导地位的地区，工程师可能需要采用特殊的基础技术，例如深基础或桩基，以提高场地的有效承载力。此外，环境因素也会影响土壤的承载力。湿度变化、温度波动甚至地震活动都可能改变土壤的特性及其承载负载的能力。工程师在规划和设计阶段必须考虑这些因素，以确保结构在其使用寿命内保持安全和稳定。除了土壤，承载力的概念还扩展到建筑中使用的其他材料，例如混凝土和钢材。每种材料都有其自身的承载力，这由其强度和结构特性决定。例如，混凝土具有高抗压强度，非常适合支撑重负荷，而钢材则提供抗拉强度，使其能够承受拉伸或拉扯的力量。总之，材料和结构的承载力是土木工程和建筑的基本方面。它确保建筑物和基础设施能够安全地支撑它们在时间上遇到的负荷。通过理解和计算土壤和其他材料的承载力，工程师可以设计出安全耐用的结构，以满足社会的需求。如果未能充分评估承载力，可能会导致严重后果，包括结构失效和生命损失。因此，工程师在设计中优先考虑这一关键因素是至关重要的。