allowable stress

简明释义

容许应力

英英释义

例句

1.The safety factor is applied to the allowable stress to account for unexpected loads.

安全系数被应用于允许应力以考虑意外负载。

2.Understanding the allowable stress helps in selecting the right materials for the project.

理解允许应力有助于为项目选择合适的材料。

3.The engineer calculated the allowable stress to ensure the structure would not fail under load.

工程师计算了允许应力以确保结构在负载下不会失效。

4.Before construction, we must verify that the allowable stress has not been exceeded.

在施工之前，我们必须验证允许应力是否没有超过。

5.In this design, the allowable stress for the material is critical to prevent deformation.

在这个设计中，材料的允许应力对于防止变形至关重要。

作文

In the field of engineering, particularly in structural engineering, the concept of allowable stress plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and integrity of structures. Allowable stress refers to the maximum stress that a material can withstand without experiencing failure or permanent deformation. This value is determined based on various factors, including the material properties, environmental conditions, and the intended use of the structure. Understanding allowable stress is essential for engineers as it guides them in selecting appropriate materials and designing safe structures that can support the loads they will encounter throughout their lifespan.To elaborate further, let us consider a simple example of a steel beam used in a building's framework. The steel has a certain yield strength, which is the stress at which it begins to deform plastically. However, engineers do not design structures to operate at this yield strength; instead, they use a fraction of this value known as allowable stress. This fraction accounts for safety factors, which are introduced to accommodate uncertainties in loading conditions, material defects, and other unforeseen variables that may affect the performance of the structure.The process of determining allowable stress involves several steps. First, engineers conduct thorough material testing to establish the mechanical properties of the materials being used. For instance, tensile tests can reveal the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of steel. Once these properties are known, engineers apply a safety factor, which is often determined by codes and standards set forth by regulatory bodies. This safety factor varies depending on the type of structure and its usage; for example, buildings that house large crowds may require a higher safety factor than residential structures.After calculating the allowable stress, engineers can then proceed with the design process. They analyze the loads that the structure will experience, including dead loads (permanent/static loads like the weight of the structure itself), live loads (temporary/dynamic loads like people and furniture), and environmental loads (like wind or seismic activity). By considering these loads in conjunction with the allowable stress, engineers can ensure that the structure will perform safely under expected conditions without exceeding the limits of the materials used.Moreover, the importance of allowable stress extends beyond initial design and construction. It also plays a significant role in maintenance and inspection. Over time, structures may be subjected to wear and tear, and it is vital to assess whether the materials still operate within their allowable stress limits. Regular inspections help identify any signs of distress or degradation, allowing engineers to take preventive measures before catastrophic failures occur.In conclusion, the concept of allowable stress is fundamental in the realm of structural engineering. It ensures that designs are not only efficient but also safe for public use. By understanding and applying allowable stress, engineers can create structures that withstand the test of time while protecting lives and investments. As we continue to advance in technology and materials science, the methods for determining allowable stress may evolve, but the principle of prioritizing safety will always remain paramount in engineering practices.

在工程领域，特别是结构工程中，允许应力的概念在确保结构的安全性和完整性方面起着至关重要的作用。允许应力是指材料在不发生故障或永久变形的情况下可以承受的最大应力。这个值是基于多种因素确定的，包括材料特性、环境条件和结构的预期用途。理解允许应力对于工程师来说至关重要，因为它指导他们选择合适的材料并设计安全的结构，以支持它们在整个生命周期内所遇到的负载。进一步阐述，让我们考虑一个简单的例子，即用于建筑框架的钢梁。钢材具有一定的屈服强度，这是它开始发生塑性变形的应力。然而，工程师并不设计结构以在此屈服强度下运行；相反，他们使用这个值的一部分，称为允许应力。这个分数考虑了安全系数，这些安全系数是为了适应负载条件、材料缺陷和可能影响结构性能的其他不可预见变量的不确定性而引入的。确定允许应力的过程涉及几个步骤。首先，工程师进行彻底的材料测试，以建立所用材料的机械特性。例如，拉伸测试可以揭示钢材的极限抗拉强度和屈服强度。一旦这些特性已知，工程师就会应用一个安全系数，这通常由监管机构制定的规范和标准来决定。这个安全系数根据结构类型和用途的不同而有所不同；例如，容纳大量人群的建筑物可能需要比住宅结构更高的安全系数。在计算出允许应力后，工程师可以继续进行设计过程。他们分析结构将经历的负载，包括死载（如结构本身的重量等永久/静态负载）、活载（如人和家具等临时/动态负载）以及环境载荷（如风或地震活动）。通过考虑这些负载与允许应力结合，工程师可以确保结构在预期条件下安全运行，而不会超过所用材料的极限。此外，允许应力的重要性不仅限于初始设计和施工。它在维护和检查中也起着重要作用。随着时间的推移，结构可能会遭受磨损，评估材料是否仍在其允许应力限制内是至关重要的。定期检查有助于识别任何应力或退化的迹象，使工程师能够在发生灾难性故障之前采取预防措施。总之，允许应力的概念在结构工程领域是基础性的。它确保设计不仅高效，而且对公众使用安全。通过理解和应用允许应力，工程师可以创建经得起时间考验的结构，同时保护生命和投资。随着我们在技术和材料科学方面的不断进步，确定允许应力的方法可能会演变，但优先考虑安全的原则将始终是工程实践中的首要任务。