vibrational population

简明释义

振动粒子数

英英释义

例句

1.The vibrational population of a molecule can change significantly when it is subjected to external pressure.

当分子受到外部压力时，其振动分布可能会显著变化。

2.The study focused on the effects of temperature on the vibrational population of molecules in the gas phase.

该研究集中于温度对气相中分子的振动分布的影响。

3.By analyzing the vibrational population in the infrared spectrum, we can identify different functional groups in a compound.

通过分析红外光谱中的振动分布，我们可以识别化合物中的不同官能团。

4.Researchers measured the vibrational population at various energy levels to understand molecular interactions.

研究人员在不同能级下测量了振动分布以了解分子间的相互作用。

5.The simulation accurately predicted the vibrational population of excited states in the system.

该模拟准确预测了系统中激发态的振动分布。

作文

In the realm of molecular physics and chemistry, understanding the concept of vibrational population is crucial. This term refers to the distribution of molecules across various vibrational energy levels at a given temperature. Molecules are not static; they constantly vibrate in different modes depending on their energy states. The vibrational population can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, molecular structure, and external conditions such as pressure. At absolute zero, all molecules would ideally occupy their lowest vibrational state, known as the ground state. However, as the temperature increases, more molecules gain sufficient energy to populate higher vibrational states. This transition can be described using the Boltzmann distribution, which provides a statistical framework for understanding how energy levels are populated at thermal equilibrium. The equation illustrates that the ratio of populations in two vibrational states is dependent on the energy difference between those states and the temperature of the system. For example, consider a diatomic molecule such as nitrogen (N2). At room temperature, the majority of nitrogen molecules will be found in their ground vibrational state. Still, a significant fraction may occupy excited states due to thermal energy. This phenomenon is essential for various applications, including spectroscopy, where the vibrational population directly influences the absorption and emission spectra of molecules. Moreover, the vibrational population plays a vital role in chemical reactions. In many cases, reactants must overcome an energy barrier to form products, which often involves vibrational excitation. A higher population of molecules in excited vibrational states can lead to an increased reaction rate, as these molecules are more likely to have the necessary energy to surpass the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Another critical aspect of vibrational population is its connection to thermodynamic properties. The average energy associated with the vibrational motion of molecules contributes to the overall internal energy of a system. Understanding how this population shifts with temperature can provide insights into heat capacity and other thermodynamic functions. For instance, as the temperature rises, the increase in vibrational population leads to greater internal energy, which subsequently affects the heat capacity of the substance. In summary, the concept of vibrational population is fundamental in the study of molecular behavior and thermodynamics. It encapsulates how molecules distribute themselves among various vibrational states at different temperatures, influencing everything from reaction kinetics to spectroscopic characteristics. As scientists continue to explore molecular dynamics, the significance of vibrational population will undoubtedly remain a key area of research, with implications across chemistry, physics, and materials science. By deepening our understanding of this concept, we can better predict molecular behavior and harness it for technological advancements.

在分子物理和化学领域，理解振动人口的概念至关重要。这个术语指的是在给定温度下，分子在各种振动能级之间的分布。分子并不是静止的；它们根据能量状态不断以不同的模式振动。振动人口可以受到多种因素的影响，包括温度、分子结构以及外部条件如压力。在绝对零度时，所有分子理想情况下都将占据其最低的振动状态，称为基态。然而，随着温度的升高，更多的分子获得足够的能量以填充更高的振动状态。这一转变可以通过玻尔兹曼分布来描述，该分布为理解热平衡下能级如何被占用提供了统计框架。该方程表明，两个振动状态中分子的比率依赖于这些状态之间的能量差和系统的温度。例如，考虑二原子分子氮气（N2）。在室温下，大多数氮分子将处于其基振动状态。然而，由于热能，显著比例的分子可能会占据激发状态。这一现象对于各种应用至关重要，包括光谱学，在光谱学中，振动人口直接影响分子的吸收和发射光谱。此外，振动人口在化学反应中也起着至关重要的作用。在许多情况下，反应物必须克服一个能量障碍才能形成产物，这通常涉及振动激发。较高的激发振动状态的分子人口可以导致反应速率的增加，因为这些分子更有可能拥有足够的能量来超越反应所需的活化能。振动人口的另一个关键方面是它与热力学性质的联系。与分子运动相关的平均能量对系统的整体内能做出贡献。理解这一人口如何随温度变化而变化可以为热容和其他热力学函数提供洞察。例如，随着温度的升高，振动人口的增加导致内能的增加，这随后影响物质的热容。总之，振动人口的概念在分子行为和热力学研究中是基础性的。它概括了分子在不同温度下如何在各种振动状态之间分布，影响从反应动力学到光谱特征的一切。随着科学家继续探索分子动力学，振动人口的重要性无疑将仍然是一个关键研究领域，涵盖化学、物理和材料科学等多个领域。通过加深我们对这一概念的理解，我们可以更好地预测分子的行为，并利用它推动技术进步。