ultrahigh vacuum

简明释义

超高真空

英英释义

例句

1.In surface science, experiments often require an ultrahigh vacuum to prevent contamination.

在表面科学中，实验通常需要超高真空以防止污染。

2.The ultrahigh vacuum chamber is essential for achieving the desired conditions for molecular beam epitaxy.

对于分子束外延，超高真空腔室是实现所需条件的关键。

3.The semiconductor industry relies heavily on ultrahigh vacuum technology to produce high-quality chips.

半导体行业在生产高质量芯片时严重依赖超高真空技术。

4.Researchers are developing new materials that can only be synthesized in an ultrahigh vacuum environment.

研究人员正在开发只能在超高真空环境中合成的新材料。

5.Maintaining an ultrahigh vacuum is critical for the performance of particle accelerators.

保持超高真空对粒子加速器的性能至关重要。

作文

In the field of physics and engineering, the term ultrahigh vacuum refers to a very low pressure environment that is significantly lower than what is achievable with standard vacuum techniques. Specifically, it is defined as a pressure of less than 10^-9 torr. This extreme level of vacuum is essential in various scientific and industrial applications, such as semiconductor manufacturing, surface science, and particle physics experiments. The creation of an ultrahigh vacuum environment allows researchers to study materials and phenomena without interference from atmospheric gases or contaminants, which can affect the results of experiments. The importance of achieving an ultrahigh vacuum cannot be overstated. For instance, in the semiconductor industry, the fabrication of microchips requires precise control over the environment in which the materials are deposited and processed. Any presence of residual gases can lead to defects in the layers of material being applied, ultimately compromising the performance of the final product. Therefore, creating an ultrahigh vacuum is crucial for ensuring the integrity and functionality of electronic devices that power our modern world.Moreover, in surface science, researchers utilize ultrahigh vacuum systems to investigate the properties of surfaces at the atomic level. Techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) require such extreme conditions to minimize the interactions between the sample surface and surrounding air. By eliminating contaminants and moisture, scientists can obtain clearer images and more accurate data about surface structures and chemical reactions. The process of achieving an ultrahigh vacuum involves several steps and sophisticated equipment. Initially, a rough vacuum is created using mechanical pumps, which remove most of the air from the chamber. Following this, turbomolecular pumps are employed to further reduce the pressure to levels that qualify as high vacuum. Finally, ion pumps or cryopumps are often used to reach the ultrahigh vacuum range. Each of these components must be carefully designed and maintained to ensure that the vacuum system operates efficiently and effectively.Additionally, the maintenance of an ultrahigh vacuum environment poses its own challenges. Any leaks in the vacuum chamber can introduce unwanted gases, and therefore, vacuum systems must be regularly checked and tested for integrity. Furthermore, the materials used in constructing vacuum chambers must be chosen carefully to avoid outgassing, which can also compromise the quality of the vacuum.In conclusion, the concept of ultrahigh vacuum is fundamental in various scientific and industrial domains where precision and purity of the environment are paramount. Its applications in semiconductor fabrication and surface science illustrate its significance in advancing technology and understanding fundamental physical principles. As research continues to evolve, the methods and technologies for achieving and maintaining an ultrahigh vacuum will undoubtedly play a critical role in future innovations and discoveries.

在物理和工程领域，术语超高真空指的是一种非常低的压力环境，其显著低于标准真空技术所能达到的水平。具体而言，它被定义为低于10^-9托的压力。这种极端的真空水平在各种科学和工业应用中至关重要，例如半导体制造、表面科学和粒子物理实验。创建超高真空环境使研究人员能够在没有大气气体或污染物干扰的情况下研究材料和现象，这些干扰可能会影响实验结果。实现超高真空的重要性不容小觑。例如，在半导体行业，微芯片的制造需要对材料沉积和处理的环境进行精确控制。任何残余气体的存在都可能导致所施加材料层中的缺陷，最终危及最终产品的性能。因此，创建超高真空对于确保电子设备的完整性和功能至关重要，这些设备为我们的现代世界提供动力。此外，在表面科学中，研究人员利用超高真空系统在原子级别上研究表面的性质。扫描隧道显微镜（STM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）等技术需要这种极端条件，以最小化样品表面与周围空气之间的相互作用。通过消除污染物和水分，科学家可以获得更清晰的图像和更准确的表面结构和化学反应数据。实现超高真空的过程涉及多个步骤和复杂的设备。最初，使用机械泵创建粗真空，从而去除腔体中的大部分空气。随后，采用涡轮分子泵进一步降低压力到高真空水平。最后，通常使用离子泵或冷冻泵来达到超高真空范围。每个组件都必须经过精心设计和维护，以确保真空系统高效有效地运行。此外，维持超高真空环境也面临自身的挑战。真空腔体中的任何泄漏都可能引入不必要的气体，因此，真空系统必须定期检查和测试其完整性。此外，用于构建真空腔体的材料必须仔细选择，以避免脱气，这也可能损害真空的质量。总之，超高真空的概念在各个科学和工业领域中是基础性的，在这些领域中，对环境的精度和纯度至关重要。它在半导体制造和表面科学中的应用说明了它在推动技术进步和理解基本物理原理方面的重要性。随着研究的不断发展，达到和维持超高真空的方法和技术无疑将在未来的创新和发现中发挥关键作用。