heterogeneous reaction

简明释义

非均相反应

英英释义

例句

1.The rate of a heterogeneous reaction 异相反应 can be affected by the surface area of the solid reactant.

固体反应物的表面积会影响异相反应的速率。

2.In the lab, we observed a heterogeneous reaction 异相反应 when mixing powdered metal with gas.

在实验室中，我们观察到将金属粉末与气体混合时发生了异相反应。

3.In a typical chemical process, a solid catalyst is used in a heterogeneous reaction 异相反应 involving gas reactants.

在一个典型的化学过程中，固体催化剂用于涉及气体反应物的异相反应。

4.The study of heterogeneous reactions 异相反应 is crucial for designing effective catalytic converters.

研究异相反应对于设计有效的催化转换器至关重要。

5.In environmental science, the degradation of pollutants often occurs through heterogeneous reactions 异相反应 on particle surfaces.

在环境科学中，污染物的降解常常通过粒子表面发生的异相反应进行。

作文

In the field of chemistry, reactions can be broadly classified into two categories: homogeneous reactions and heterogeneous reactions. A heterogeneous reaction is defined as a chemical reaction that occurs between reactants in different phases. This typically involves at least one reactant that is solid, while the others may be gases or liquids. Understanding heterogeneous reactions is crucial for various applications, including catalysis, environmental science, and industrial processes.One of the most common examples of a heterogeneous reaction is the reaction between a solid catalyst and gaseous reactants. For instance, in the Haber process, nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas over an iron catalyst to produce ammonia. Here, the iron catalyst remains solid while the reactants are in the gaseous phase. The surface of the solid catalyst plays a vital role in facilitating the reaction by providing active sites for the gas molecules to adhere to and react. This highlights the significance of the phase difference in heterogeneous reactions.Another important aspect of heterogeneous reactions is their dependence on surface area. The rate of a heterogeneous reaction can be significantly influenced by the surface area of the solid reactant or catalyst. For example, powdered solids have a larger surface area compared to larger chunks of the same material, leading to faster reaction rates. This is particularly important in industrial applications where maximizing efficiency is crucial. Engineers often design reactors that optimize the surface area available for heterogeneous reactions to enhance productivity.Moreover, heterogeneous reactions can also occur at the interface of two immiscible liquids or between a liquid and a solid. An example of this is the reaction between oil and water, where certain catalysts can help facilitate the reaction at their interface. This type of reaction is essential in processes such as emulsification and extraction, which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.In environmental science, heterogeneous reactions play a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Many pollutants exist as particles or droplets in the atmosphere and undergo reactions that can lead to the formation of secondary pollutants. For instance, the reaction of sulfur dioxide with water droplets to form sulfuric acid is a heterogeneous reaction that contributes to acid rain. Understanding these reactions helps scientists develop strategies to mitigate pollution and protect the environment.In conclusion, heterogeneous reactions are a fundamental aspect of chemistry that involve reactants in different phases. Their importance spans across various fields, from industrial catalysis to environmental science. By studying heterogeneous reactions, scientists and engineers can develop more efficient processes and better understand the chemical phenomena occurring in our world. As research continues to advance, the knowledge gained from heterogeneous reactions will undoubtedly lead to innovative solutions for many challenges we face today.

在化学领域，反应可以大致分为两类：均相反应和非均相反应。非均相反应被定义为发生在不同相之间的反应。这通常涉及至少一个固体反应物，而其他反应物可能是气体或液体。理解非均相反应对于催化、环境科学和工业过程等各种应用至关重要。非均相反应的一个常见例子是固体催化剂与气体反应物之间的反应。例如，在哈伯法中，氮气与氢气在铁催化剂的作用下反应生成氨。在这里，铁催化剂保持固态，而反应物处于气态。固体催化剂的表面在促进反应中起着至关重要的作用，因为它为气体分子提供了附着和反应的活性位点。这突显了相位差异在非均相反应中的重要性。非均相反应的另一个重要方面是其对表面积的依赖性。非均相反应的速率可以受到固体反应物或催化剂表面积的显著影响。例如，粉末状固体相比于同一材料的大块固体具有更大的表面积，从而导致更快的反应速率。这在工业应用中尤其重要，因为最大化效率至关重要。工程师通常设计反应器，以优化可用于非均相反应的表面积，以提高生产率。此外，非均相反应也可以发生在两种不可混溶液体的界面上或液体与固体之间。例如，油与水之间的反应，其中某些催化剂可以帮助促进其界面上的反应。这种类型的反应在乳化和提取等过程中至关重要，这些过程在食品和制药工业中广泛使用。在环境科学中，非均相反应在大气化学中发挥着重要作用。许多污染物以颗粒或液滴的形式存在于大气中，并发生反应，可能导致二次污染物的形成。例如，二氧化硫与水滴反应生成硫酸的过程就是一种非均相反应，它会导致酸雨的形成。理解这些反应有助于科学家制定减缓污染和保护环境的策略。总之，非均相反应是化学的一个基本方面，涉及不同相的反应物。它们的重要性跨越多个领域，从工业催化到环境科学。通过研究非均相反应，科学家和工程师可以开发出更高效的工艺，更好地理解我们世界中发生的化学现象。随着研究的不断发展，从非均相反应中获得的知识无疑将为我们今天面临的许多挑战提供创新解决方案。