degree of ionization

简明释义

电离度

英英释义

例句

1.Temperature can affect the degree of ionization of certain compounds.

温度可以影响某些化合物的离子化程度degree of ionization。

2.To determine the degree of ionization, we often use pH measurements.

为了确定离子化程度degree of ionization，我们通常使用pH测量。

3.The degree of ionization of a weak acid can be calculated using its dissociation constant.

弱酸的离子化程度degree of ionization可以通过其解离常数计算得出。

4.The degree of ionization indicates how much of the substance has turned into ions in a solution.

离子化程度degree of ionization表示溶液中有多少物质转化为离子。

5.In strong acids, the degree of ionization is nearly 100%.

在强酸中，离子化程度degree of ionization几乎达到100%。

作文

The concept of degree of ionization is fundamental in understanding the behavior of acids and bases in solution. In chemistry, the degree of ionization refers to the extent to which a substance, particularly an electrolyte, dissociates into ions when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. This concept is crucial for predicting the properties of solutions, such as their conductivity, pH, and reactivity. When an acid or base is added to water, it can either fully dissociate into ions or only partially dissociate. For example, strong acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl) completely ionize in water, meaning that the degree of ionization is 100%. This complete dissociation results in a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in the solution, leading to a low pH. On the other hand, weak acids, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH), do not fully ionize; instead, they establish an equilibrium between the undissociated molecules and the ions produced. The degree of ionization for weak acids is much lower, indicating that only a fraction of the acid molecules have dissociated into ions.The degree of ionization can be influenced by several factors, including concentration, temperature, and the presence of other ions in the solution. As the concentration of a weak acid increases, the degree of ionization typically decreases due to the common ion effect, where the addition of more acid shifts the equilibrium position towards the undissociated form. Conversely, diluting a solution can increase the degree of ionization, making more of the acid or base available to dissociate into ions.Temperature also plays a significant role in the degree of ionization. Generally, increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, which can enhance the dissociation process. For many reactions, higher temperatures favor the formation of products, including ions. Therefore, the degree of ionization may increase with temperature for certain acids and bases.In practical applications, understanding the degree of ionization is essential in fields such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and chemical engineering. In drug formulation, for instance, the solubility and bioavailability of a medication can be significantly affected by its degree of ionization. Drugs that are weak acids or bases may have different absorption rates in the body depending on the pH of the environment, which influences their ionization state.Moreover, in environmental chemistry, the degree of ionization affects the mobility and toxicity of pollutants. Many heavy metals and organic compounds behave differently based on their ionization states, impacting their interaction with biological systems and their overall environmental persistence.In conclusion, the degree of ionization is a critical concept that helps chemists understand how substances behave in solution. It provides insights into the properties of acids and bases, informs practical applications in various scientific fields, and is vital for predicting chemical behaviors in both laboratory and natural environments. By mastering the degree of ionization, students and professionals alike can better navigate the complexities of chemical interactions and their implications in real-world scenarios.

“离子化程度”这一概念在理解酸和碱在溶液中的行为时至关重要。在化学中，离子化程度是指一种物质，特别是电解质，在溶剂（通常是水）中溶解时分解成离子的程度。这个概念对于预测溶液的性质，如导电性、pH值和反应性至关重要。当酸或碱被加入水中时，它可以完全解离成离子，或者仅部分解离。例如，像盐酸（HCl）这样的强酸在水中完全离子化，这意味着其离子化程度为100%。这种完全解离导致溶液中氢离子（H⁺）的浓度很高，从而使pH值较低。另一方面，弱酸，如醋酸（CH₃COOH），并不完全离子化；相反，它们在未解离的分子和产生的离子之间建立平衡。弱酸的离子化程度要低得多，表明只有一部分酸分子已经解离成离子。离子化程度可以受到多种因素的影响，包括浓度、温度和溶液中其他离子的存在。随着弱酸浓度的增加，通常情况下，离子化程度会降低，这是由于共离子效应，即添加更多酸会使平衡位置向未解离形式移动。相反，稀释溶液可以增加离子化程度，使更多的酸或碱可用于解离成离子。温度在离子化程度中也起着重要作用。一般来说，温度升高会增加分子的动能，从而增强解离过程。对于许多反应而言，高温有利于生成产物，包括离子。因此，对于某些酸和碱，离子化程度可能会随温度的升高而增加。在实际应用中，理解离子化程度在制药、环境科学和化工等领域至关重要。例如，在药物配方中，药物的溶解度和生物利用度可能会受到其离子化程度的显著影响。作为弱酸或弱碱的药物，其在体内的吸收速率可能会因环境的pH值而异，这影响了它们的离子化状态。此外，在环境化学中，离子化程度影响污染物的迁移性和毒性。许多重金属和有机化合物根据其离子化状态表现不同，影响它们与生物系统的相互作用及其总体环境持久性。总之，离子化程度是一个关键概念，有助于化学家理解物质在溶液中的行为。它提供了对酸和碱性质的深入了解，为各个科学领域的实际应用提供了信息，并且对于预测实验室和自然环境中的化学行为至关重要。通过掌握离子化程度，学生和专业人士可以更好地应对化学相互作用的复杂性及其在现实世界情境中的影响。