charge carrier

简明释义

载荷子

英英释义

例句

1.In semiconductors, electrons act as the primary charge carrier (电荷载流子) that allows current to flow.

在半导体中，电子作为主要的电荷载流子，使电流得以流动。

2.Doping a semiconductor introduces additional charge carriers (电荷载流子), enhancing its conductive properties.

掺杂半导体引入额外的电荷载流子，增强其导电特性。

3.In ionic solutions, ions serve as the charge carriers (电荷载流子) that facilitate electrical conduction.

在离子溶液中，离子作为电荷载流子，促进电导。

4.The mobility of the charge carriers (电荷载流子) in a material determines its conductivity.

材料中电荷载流子的迁移率决定了其导电性。

5.The efficiency of solar cells is greatly influenced by the recombination of charge carriers (电荷载流子).

太阳能电池的效率受到电荷载流子复合的重大影响。

作文

In the field of physics and electrical engineering, the term charge carrier refers to particles that carry an electric charge. These particles play a crucial role in the conduction of electricity in various materials, particularly in semiconductors and conductors. Understanding the behavior of charge carriers is essential for the design and functionality of electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and solar cells. The most common types of charge carriers are electrons and holes. Electrons are negatively charged particles that can move freely in conductive materials, while holes represent the absence of an electron in a semiconductor lattice, behaving as positively charged carriers. In intrinsic semiconductors, the number of electrons and holes are equal, but in extrinsic semiconductors, doping with specific elements can increase the concentration of either type of charge carrier. For instance, adding phosphorus to silicon creates an n-type semiconductor, where electrons are the majority charge carriers, while adding boron creates a p-type semiconductor, where holes dominate. The movement of charge carriers under the influence of an electric field is described by drift current, whereas random thermal motion contributes to diffusion current. The total current in a material is the sum of these two components. The mobility of charge carriers, which indicates how quickly they can move through a material when subjected to an electric field, is a key factor in determining the conductivity of a substance. High mobility leads to better conductivity, which is why materials like copper and silver are widely used in electrical wiring. Moreover, the concept of charge carriers extends beyond simple conductors and semiconductors into more complex systems such as electrolytes and plasmas. In electrolytes, ions serve as charge carriers, facilitating the flow of electric current in solutions. In plasmas, free electrons and ions are present, making them highly conductive and responsive to electromagnetic fields. Understanding charge carriers also has significant implications for the development of new technologies. For example, organic semiconductors, which utilize carbon-based materials, have gained attention for their potential applications in flexible electronics and organic photovoltaic cells. Researchers are exploring how to optimize the behavior of charge carriers in these materials to enhance their efficiency and performance. In summary, the study of charge carriers is fundamental to understanding electrical conduction in various materials. Whether it is in the context of traditional conductors, advanced semiconductor technology, or emerging materials, the ability to manipulate and control charge carriers is vital for innovation in electronic devices and energy solutions. As technology advances, the research surrounding charge carriers will continue to evolve, paving the way for new discoveries and applications in the fields of physics and engineering.

在物理学和电气工程领域，术语电荷载流子指的是携带电荷的粒子。这些粒子在各种材料中，尤其是在半导体和导体中的电流传导中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解电荷载流子的行为对于设计和功能实现电子设备（如晶体管、二极管和太阳能电池）至关重要。最常见的电荷载流子类型是电子和空穴。电子是可以在导电材料中自由移动的带负电粒子，而空穴则代表半导体晶格中缺少电子的状态，表现为带正电的载流子。在本征半导体中，电子和空穴的数量相等，但在掺杂半导体中，通过掺入特定元素可以增加任一类型的电荷载流子的浓度。例如，向硅中添加磷会形成n型半导体，其中电子是主要的电荷载流子，而添加硼则形成p型半导体，其中空穴占主导地位。在电场的影响下，电荷载流子的运动被称为漂移电流，而随机热运动则贡献于扩散电流。材料中的总电流是这两个分量的总和。电荷载流子的迁移率，即在电场作用下它们在材料中移动的速度，是决定物质导电性的关键因素。高迁移率导致更好的导电性，这就是为什么铜和银等材料广泛用于电线中的原因。此外，电荷载流子的概念不仅限于简单的导体和半导体，还扩展到更复杂的系统，如电解质和等离子体。在电解质中，离子作为电荷载流子，促进电流在溶液中的流动。在等离子体中，自由电子和离子并存，使其高度导电并对电磁场作出响应。理解电荷载流子也对新技术的发展具有重要意义。例如，有机半导体利用基于碳的材料，因其在柔性电子和有机光伏电池中的潜在应用而受到关注。研究人员正在探索如何优化这些材料中电荷载流子的行为，以提高其效率和性能。总之，电荷载流子的研究是理解各种材料中电流传导的基础。无论是在传统导体、先进半导体技术还是新兴材料的背景下，操控和控制电荷载流子的能力对于电子设备和能源解决方案的创新至关重要。随着技术的进步，围绕电荷载流子的研究将继续发展，为物理和工程领域的新发现和应用铺平道路。