irradiation hardening

简明释义

辐照硬化

英英释义

例句

1.Engineers must consider irradiation hardening when designing components for long-term exposure to radiation.

工程师在设计长期暴露于辐射的组件时必须考虑辐照硬化。

2.The research team studied the effects of irradiation hardening on the durability of materials used in space missions.

研究小组研究了辐照硬化对用于太空任务的材料耐久性的影响。

3.The study revealed that irradiation hardening increases the yield strength of certain alloys.

研究表明，辐照硬化增加了某些合金的屈服强度。

4.Scientists are exploring ways to mitigate the effects of irradiation hardening in advanced materials.

科学家们正在探索减轻先进材料中辐照硬化影响的方法。

5.In nuclear reactors, irradiation hardening can significantly alter the mechanical properties of structural components.

在核反应堆中，辐照硬化可以显著改变结构组件的机械性能。

作文

Irradiation hardening is a phenomenon that occurs in materials when they are exposed to high levels of radiation. This process can significantly alter the mechanical properties of materials, making them harder and more resistant to deformation. Understanding this concept is crucial in fields such as nuclear engineering, aerospace, and materials science, where materials must withstand extreme environments. When materials are subjected to radiation, such as neutrons or gamma rays, their atomic structure can change. Radiation interacts with the atoms in the material, causing displacement and creating defects within the crystal lattice. These defects can include vacancies, interstitials, and dislocation loops, which ultimately lead to an increase in hardness. This process is referred to as irradiation hardening (辐照硬化). One of the primary reasons why irradiation hardening is important is its impact on the performance and longevity of materials used in nuclear reactors. For instance, the structural components of a reactor core must endure not only high temperatures but also intense radiation. Over time, the effects of radiation can lead to embrittlement, making materials more susceptible to cracking and failure. However, the hardening effect can enhance the resistance of these materials against such degradation, thereby improving safety and reliability.In addition to nuclear applications, irradiation hardening is also relevant in the aerospace industry. Aircraft and spacecraft are often exposed to cosmic radiation during flight, which can affect the materials used in their construction. By understanding how irradiation hardening works, engineers can select or develop materials that maintain their integrity and performance even under such harsh conditions.Moreover, research into irradiation hardening has led to the development of advanced materials designed specifically to exploit this phenomenon. For example, certain alloys and composites are engineered to enhance their resistance to radiation-induced damage while simultaneously benefiting from the hardening effects. This dual approach can result in materials that not only perform better but also have longer service lives, reducing maintenance costs and increasing operational efficiency.However, it is essential to balance the benefits of irradiation hardening with potential drawbacks. While increased hardness can improve resistance to wear and deformation, it may also lead to reduced ductility. This reduction in ductility can make materials more prone to brittle failure, especially under stress. Therefore, understanding the trade-offs involved in irradiation hardening is vital for engineers and scientists working in relevant fields.In conclusion, irradiation hardening (辐照硬化) is a significant phenomenon that affects the mechanical properties of materials exposed to radiation. Its implications are far-reaching, impacting the safety and performance of structures in nuclear reactors, aircraft, and other critical applications. As research continues to delve deeper into this topic, it will undoubtedly lead to the development of new materials and technologies that harness the benefits of irradiation hardening while mitigating its potential downsides. Understanding this complex interplay between radiation and material properties is essential for advancing engineering practices and ensuring the safety and efficacy of modern technology.

辐照硬化是材料在高水平辐射下暴露时发生的一种现象。这个过程可以显著改变材料的机械性能，使其变得更硬、更耐变形。理解这一概念对于核工程、航空航天和材料科学等领域至关重要，因为这些领域的材料必须承受极端环境。当材料受到辐射（如中子或伽马射线）的作用时，其原子结构可能会发生变化。辐射与材料中的原子相互作用，导致位移并在晶格中产生缺陷。这些缺陷可以包括空位、间隙原子和位错环，最终导致硬度的增加。这个过程被称为辐照硬化。辐照硬化重要的一个主要原因是它对核反应堆中材料性能和寿命的影响。例如，反应堆核心的结构部件不仅必须承受高温，还必须承受强烈的辐射。随着时间的推移，辐射的影响可能导致脆化，使材料更容易开裂和失效。然而，硬化效应可以增强这些材料抵御这种降解的能力，从而提高安全性和可靠性。除了核应用外，辐照硬化在航空航天工业中也很相关。飞机和航天器在飞行过程中常常暴露于宇宙辐射，这可能影响其构造所用的材料。通过理解辐照硬化的工作原理，工程师可以选择或开发即使在如此恶劣条件下仍能保持完整性和性能的材料。此外，对辐照硬化的研究促进了专门设计用于利用这一现象的先进材料的开发。例如，某些合金和复合材料被设计成增强其对辐射引起的损伤的抵抗力，同时从硬化效应中获益。这种双重方法可以导致不仅性能更好的材料，而且使用寿命更长，从而降低维护成本，提高运营效率。然而，平衡辐照硬化的好处与潜在缺点也是至关重要的。尽管硬度的增加可以提高耐磨性和变形的抵抗力，但它也可能导致延展性降低。这种延展性的降低可能使材料在应力下更容易发生脆性失效。因此，理解辐照硬化中的权衡对于从事相关领域工作的工程师和科学家至关重要。总之，辐照硬化是一个重要的现象，影响着暴露于辐射中的材料的机械性能。其影响深远，影响着核反应堆、飞机及其他关键应用中结构的安全性和性能。随着研究不断深入这一主题，毫无疑问将导致新材料和技术的发展，利用辐照硬化的好处，同时减轻其潜在的缺点。理解辐射与材料性能之间的复杂相互作用对于推动工程实践和确保现代技术的安全性和有效性至关重要。