plastic deformation

简明释义

塑性形变

英英释义

例句

1.The plastic deformation 塑性变形 of polymers can lead to changes in their mechanical properties.

聚合物的塑性变形 塑性变形可能导致其机械性能的变化。

2.When a metal is subjected to stress beyond its yield strength, it undergoes plastic deformation 塑性变形 and retains a permanent shape.

当金属受到超过其屈服强度的应力时，它会经历塑性变形 塑性变形，并保持永久形状。

3.During the tensile test, the material exhibits plastic deformation 塑性变形 after reaching its ultimate tensile strength.

在拉伸测试中，材料在达到其极限拉伸强度后表现出塑性变形 塑性变形。

4.Engineers must consider plastic deformation 塑性变形 when designing components that will experience high loads.

工程师在设计将承受高负载的组件时，必须考虑塑性变形 塑性变形。

5.In the process of forging, the workpiece experiences plastic deformation 塑性变形 to achieve the desired shape.

在锻造过程中，工件经历塑性变形 塑性变形以达到所需形状。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the concept of plastic deformation is crucial for designing and utilizing various materials effectively. Plastic deformation refers to the permanent change in shape or size of a material when subjected to stress beyond its elastic limit. This phenomenon occurs when the applied force exceeds the material's yield strength, causing it to deform irreversibly. Unlike elastic deformation, where materials return to their original shape once the stress is removed, plastic deformation results in a lasting alteration of the material's structure.The process of plastic deformation can be observed in everyday life. For instance, when we bend a metal wire, it may initially resist the force applied to it. However, as we continue to apply pressure, the wire eventually reaches a point where it cannot revert to its original shape. This is a clear demonstration of plastic deformation. The ability of materials to undergo such changes is essential in various applications, from construction to manufacturing.One of the key factors influencing plastic deformation is temperature. Most materials exhibit increased ductility at elevated temperatures, allowing them to deform more easily without fracturing. This principle is often utilized in processes such as forging or casting, where metals are heated to facilitate shaping. Engineers and designers must take into account the temperature conditions under which a material will be used, as this can significantly affect its performance and durability.Another aspect to consider is the strain rate, which refers to the speed at which the material is deformed. Different materials respond differently to varying strain rates; some may become more brittle and fracture quickly, while others may exhibit enhanced plastic deformation capabilities. Understanding these behaviors is vital for predicting how materials will perform under different loading conditions.Moreover, the microstructure of a material plays a significant role in its plastic deformation characteristics. The arrangement of atoms and the presence of defects within the material can influence its strength and ductility. For example, metals with a fine-grained structure tend to have better plastic deformation properties compared to those with a coarse-grained structure. This is because smaller grains provide more barriers to dislocation motion, enhancing the material's ability to deform plastically.In conclusion, plastic deformation is a fundamental concept in materials science that describes the irreversible changes in shape or size of materials under stress. It has significant implications in various industries, including construction, automotive, and aerospace. By understanding the factors that influence plastic deformation, engineers and scientists can better design materials that meet specific performance criteria, ensuring safety and reliability in their applications. As technology continues to advance, the study of plastic deformation will remain a vital area of research, enabling the development of new materials and innovative solutions to complex engineering challenges.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解塑性变形的概念对于有效设计和利用各种材料至关重要。塑性变形是指当材料受到超过其弹性极限的应力时，形状或尺寸发生的永久性变化。这种现象发生在施加的力超过材料的屈服强度时，导致材料不可逆地变形。与弹性变形不同，在弹性变形中，一旦去除应力，材料会恢复到原始形状，而塑性变形则导致材料结构的持久改变。塑性变形的过程可以在日常生活中观察到。例如，当我们弯曲金属线时，它可能最初会抵抗施加的力。然而，随着我们继续施加压力，金属线最终会达到一个点，此时它无法恢复到原始形状。这是塑性变形的清晰示例。材料能够经历这种变化在各种应用中都是必不可少的，从建筑到制造。影响塑性变形的关键因素之一是温度。大多数材料在高温下表现出更高的延展性，使它们在不破裂的情况下更容易变形。这个原理通常用于锻造或铸造等工艺中，在这些过程中，金属被加热以便于成形。工程师和设计师必须考虑材料使用时的温度条件，因为这会显著影响其性能和耐用性。另一个需要考虑的方面是应变速率，即材料变形的速度。不同的材料对不同的应变速率反应不同；有些可能变得更脆，迅速断裂，而其他材料则可能表现出增强的塑性变形能力。理解这些行为对于预测材料在不同载荷条件下的表现至关重要。此外，材料的微观结构在其塑性变形特性中也起着重要作用。原子的排列和材料内部缺陷的存在会影响其强度和延展性。例如，具有细晶结构的金属相比于粗晶结构的金属通常具有更好的塑性变形性能。这是因为较小的晶粒提供了更多的位错运动障碍，增强了材料的塑性变形能力。总之，塑性变形是材料科学中的一个基本概念，描述了材料在应力下的不可逆形状或尺寸变化。它在建筑、汽车和航空航天等各个行业中具有重要意义。通过理解影响塑性变形的因素，工程师和科学家可以更好地设计符合特定性能标准的材料，确保其应用的安全性和可靠性。随着技术的不断进步，塑性变形的研究将继续是一个重要的研究领域，使新材料的开发和复杂工程挑战的创新解决方案成为可能。