unit cell

简明释义

单位晶格

英英释义

例句

1.In crystallography, the smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice is called a unit cell (单元胞).

在晶体学中，晶体晶格中最小的重复单元称为unit cell（单元胞）。

2.The dimensions of the unit cell (单元胞) can determine the properties of the material.

unit cell（单元胞）的尺寸可以决定材料的性质。

3.Different types of crystals have different unit cells (单元胞), such as cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal.

不同类型的晶体有不同的unit cells（单元胞），如立方体、四方和六方。

4.The volume of a unit cell (单元胞) is crucial for calculating the density of a crystal.

计算晶体的密度时，unit cell（单元胞）的体积至关重要。

5.When modeling a crystal structure, it is essential to define the unit cell (单元胞) accurately.

在建模晶体结构时，准确地定义unit cell（单元胞）是至关重要的。

作文

In the study of crystallography, the concept of a unit cell is fundamental to understanding the structure of crystalline materials. A unit cell is defined as the smallest repeating unit that, when stacked together in three-dimensional space, forms the entire crystal lattice. This means that each unit cell contains all the necessary information about the symmetry and arrangement of atoms within the crystal. By examining the properties of the unit cell, scientists can deduce the overall characteristics of the material, such as its density, symmetry, and potential applications.The unit cell serves as a building block for more complex structures. It can be visualized as a box or a parallelepiped that encapsulates the arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal. There are several types of unit cells, categorized based on their geometry and the arrangement of atoms within them. The most common types include cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, and monoclinic cells. Each type has unique properties and implications for the material's behavior.For instance, the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is one of the most densely packed arrangements of atoms, commonly found in metals like copper and aluminum. In this configuration, atoms are located at each corner of the cube and at the center of each face. The efficiency of packing in an FCC unit cell contributes to the high strength and ductility of these metals, making them useful in various engineering applications.On the other hand, the body-centered cubic (BCC) structure has a different arrangement that results in distinct physical properties. In a BCC unit cell, there is one atom at each corner of the cube and one atom at the center of the cube. This structure leads to lower atomic packing efficiency compared to FCC but offers unique mechanical properties, such as increased hardness and resistance to deformation, which are advantageous in certain applications.Understanding the unit cell is not only crucial for material science but also for fields such as chemistry and physics. In chemistry, the unit cell helps in predicting the behavior of compounds, especially in solid-state reactions. In physics, it plays a significant role in understanding phenomena like diffraction patterns and electronic band structures.Moreover, the concept of the unit cell extends beyond simple solids. It is also applicable in the study of complex materials, such as polymers and biomaterials, where the arrangement of molecular chains or biological macromolecules can be analyzed using similar principles. The ability to manipulate and design unit cells at the molecular level opens new avenues for creating advanced materials with tailored properties for specific applications, such as drug delivery systems or nanocomposites.In conclusion, the unit cell is a vital concept in the field of crystallography and material science. It provides a framework for understanding the intricate arrangements of atoms in solids and their implications for the material's properties. As research continues to advance, the importance of the unit cell will undoubtedly grow, leading to innovative developments in various scientific and engineering disciplines. By mastering the concept of the unit cell, we pave the way for future discoveries that could revolutionize the way we design and utilize materials in technology and industry.

在晶体学研究中，单位胞的概念对于理解晶体材料的结构至关重要。单位胞被定义为最小的重复单元，当它们在三维空间中堆叠在一起时，形成整个晶格。这意味着每个单位胞包含了关于晶体内原子对称性和排列的所有必要信息。通过检查单位胞的特性，科学家可以推断出材料的整体特性，如密度、对称性和潜在应用。单位胞作为更复杂结构的构建块，可以被视为一个盒子或平行六面体，封装了晶体中原子或分子的排列。根据其几何形状和内部原子的排列方式，单位胞有几种类型，主要包括立方体、四方体、正交体、六方体、菱面体和单斜体。每种类型都有独特的性质及其对材料行为的影响。例如，面心立方（FCC）结构是原子最密集堆积的排列之一，通常在铜和铝等金属中发现。在这种配置中，原子位于立方体的每个角落和每个面中心。FCC 单位胞中的堆积效率有助于这些金属的高强度和延展性，使它们在各种工程应用中非常有用。另一方面，体心立方（BCC）结构具有不同的排列，导致显著不同的物理特性。在BCC 单位胞中，立方体的每个角上都有一个原子，并且立方体的中心有一个原子。与FCC相比，这种结构导致较低的原子堆积效率，但提供独特的机械性能，如增加的硬度和抗变形能力，这在某些应用中是有利的。理解单位胞不仅对材料科学至关重要，也对化学和物理等领域有重要意义。在化学中，单位胞有助于预测化合物的行为，特别是在固态反应中。在物理学中，它在理解衍射模式和电子能带结构等现象中发挥着重要作用。此外，单位胞的概念不仅适用于简单的固体。它还适用于复杂材料的研究，如聚合物和生物材料，在这些材料中，分子链或生物大分子的排列可以使用类似的原则进行分析。在分子层面上操纵和设计单位胞的能力为创造具有特定应用的先进材料开辟了新途径，例如药物传递系统或纳米复合材料。总之，单位胞是晶体学和材料科学领域的重要概念。它为理解固体中原子的复杂排列及其对材料特性的影响提供了框架。随着研究的持续推进，单位胞的重要性无疑会增长，推动各科学和工程学科的创新发展。通过掌握单位胞的概念，我们为未来的发现铺平了道路，这可能会彻底改变我们设计和利用技术和工业材料的方式。