mohs' scale

简明释义

莫斯硬度标

英英释义

例句

1.The mohs' scale indicates that talc is the softest mineral, rated at 1.

摩氏硬度表明滑石是最软的矿物，评级为1。

2.Fluorite, with a hardness of 4 on the mohs' scale, is often used in educational settings.

萤石在摩氏硬度上硬度为4，常用于教育场合。

3.The hardness of quartz is rated at 7 on the mohs' scale, which means it can scratch glass.

石英的硬度在摩氏硬度上被评为7，这意味着它可以划伤玻璃。

4.Understanding the mohs' scale is crucial for geologists when identifying minerals in the field.

理解摩氏硬度对于地质学家在野外识别矿物至关重要。

5.When assessing gemstones, jewelers often refer to the mohs' scale to determine their durability.

在评估宝石时，珠宝商通常会参考摩氏硬度来确定其耐用性。

作文

The concept of the Mohs' scale is fundamental in the field of mineralogy and geology. Developed by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs in 1812, this scale is a qualitative ordinal scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder materials to scratch softer ones. The Mohs' scale consists of ten minerals arranged in order of increasing hardness, from talc, which is the softest, to diamond, which is the hardest. Each mineral on the scale can scratch those below it while being scratched by those above it. This simple yet effective system allows geologists and gemologists to quickly assess the hardness of a mineral sample and compare it to known standards.Understanding the Mohs' scale is crucial for anyone working with minerals, whether in academic research, mining, or jewelry making. For example, when evaluating gemstones, jewelers often refer to the Mohs' scale to determine how resistant a stone will be to scratches and everyday wear. A gemstone like sapphire, which has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs' scale, is much more durable than a stone like opal, which ranks only 5.5 to 6.5. This information is vital for consumers who want to choose stones that will maintain their beauty over time.Additionally, the Mohs' scale serves as an educational tool. It provides a clear and straightforward way to teach students about the properties of minerals and the concept of hardness. In a classroom setting, students can conduct simple experiments to test the hardness of different materials against each other, reinforcing their understanding of the scale. By using common objects like a fingernail, a copper penny, or a steel file, they can gain hands-on experience that makes the concept more tangible.The Mohs' scale is not without its limitations, however. It does not provide a numerical value for hardness but rather a relative ranking. This means that while a mineral's position on the scale indicates its hardness compared to others, it does not quantify how much harder one mineral is than another. For more precise measurements, scientists often turn to quantitative scales such as the Vickers or Knoop hardness tests, which use specific loads and indentations to give a numerical value for hardness.Despite its limitations, the Mohs' scale remains widely used and respected in both educational and professional contexts. Its simplicity and ease of use make it an invaluable tool for identifying and categorizing minerals. Moreover, it highlights the diversity of the mineral kingdom, showcasing everything from the softness of talc, used in baby powder, to the incredible toughness of diamonds, coveted in jewelry and industrial applications alike.In conclusion, the Mohs' scale is more than just a list of minerals; it is a gateway into the fascinating world of geology and material science. By understanding this scale, we can better appreciate the materials around us, from the rocks beneath our feet to the gems that adorn our jewelry. Whether you are a student, a professional, or simply a curious individual, familiarizing yourself with the Mohs' scale opens up a deeper understanding of the natural world and the properties that define it.

“摩氏硬度等级”这一概念在矿物学和地质学领域中是基础性的。它由德国矿物学家弗里德里希·摩斯于1812年提出，这一等级是一个定性的序数等级，通过较硬材料能够划伤较软材料的能力来表征各种矿物的划痕抵抗力。“摩氏硬度等级”由十种矿物按硬度递增的顺序排列，从最软的滑石到最硬的钻石。等级上的每种矿物都可以划伤其下方的矿物，而被其上方的矿物划伤。这个简单而有效的系统使地质学家和宝石学家能够快速评估矿物样本的硬度并与已知标准进行比较。理解“摩氏硬度等级”对任何与矿物打交道的人来说都是至关重要的，无论是在学术研究、采矿还是珠宝制作中。例如，在评估宝石时，珠宝商常常参考“摩氏硬度等级”来确定某种石头对划伤和日常磨损的抵抗力。像蓝宝石这样的宝石，其在“摩氏硬度等级”上为9，远比排名仅为5.5到6.5的欧泊更耐用。这些信息对于希望选择能够保持美丽的石头的消费者来说至关重要。此外，“摩氏硬度等级”也作为一种教育工具。它提供了一种清晰而简单的方法来教学生关于矿物的性质和硬度的概念。在课堂上，学生可以进行简单的实验，通过相互测试不同材料的硬度来加深对该等级的理解。通过使用指甲、铜币或钢锉等常见物品，他们可以获得实践经验，使这一概念更为具体。然而，“摩氏硬度等级”并非没有局限性。它并没有提供硬度的数值，而是相对排名。这意味着，虽然矿物在等级上的位置表明其与其他矿物的硬度，但并未量化一种矿物比另一种矿物硬多少。为了更精确的测量，科学家们通常会转向维氏或努普硬度测试等定量标准，这些测试使用特定的负载和压痕来给出硬度的数值。尽管存在局限性，“摩氏硬度等级”仍然在教育和专业领域广泛使用并受到尊重。它的简单性和易用性使其成为识别和分类矿物的宝贵工具。此外，它突显了矿物王国的多样性，展示了从用于婴儿爽身粉的滑石的柔软到在珠宝和工业应用中备受追捧的钻石的坚韧。总之，“摩氏硬度等级”不仅仅是矿物的列表；它是通往地质学和材料科学迷人世界的门户。通过理解这一等级，我们可以更好地欣赏我们周围的材料，从我们脚下的岩石到装饰我们珠宝的宝石。无论你是学生、专业人士还是仅仅是一个好奇的人，熟悉“摩氏硬度等级”将为你打开对自然界及其定义属性的更深理解。