neanderthals

简明释义

英[niːˈændəθɔːlz]美[niˈændərˌθɔlz]

n. 穴居人（Neanderthal 的复数）；尼安德塔人

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.The researchers were able to reconstruct the individual's genome, then compare it with those of Neanderthals and modern humans.

有了这一发现，研究人员终于可以重组单个人的基因图，并将个人的基因图与尼安德所人和现代人的基因做比较研究。

2.Dr Paabo's research suggests precisely that: the FOXP2 genes from modern humans and Neanderthals are essentially the same.

Drpaabo研究明确地表明：现代人的FOXP2基因和尼安德特人本质上相同。

3.Neanderthals, who lived from 200, 000 to 30, 000 years ago, likely could speak rather well.

居住在20万至30万年前的尼安德特人很可能已经可以相当好的讲话了。

4.But some regard this discovery as evidence that Neanderthals could speak.

但是一些人认为这一发现同样是尼安德特人能够说话的证据。

5.The inhabitants, apparently Neanderthals, selectively used pine for heating in preference to more available types of wood.

棚屋居民很显然是尼安德特人，他们选择性地使用松木取暖，而不使用其他更易采集的木材。

6.The fossil evidence shows that Neanderthals were restricted to Europe and Asia, whereas Homo sapiens originated in Africa.

化石证据表明，尼安德特人只存在于欧洲和亚洲，而人类则起源于非洲。

7.Neanderthals are believed to be modern humans' closest ancestor, and some scientists view both as the same species.

尼安·德塔人被认为是现代人最接近的远祖，有些科学家甚至把两者看做是同一个物种。

8.Evidence shows that neanderthals 尼安德特人 had a diverse diet, including meat and plants.

证据表明，尼安德特人有多样的饮食，包括肉类和植物。

9.The extinction of the neanderthals 尼安德特人 remains a topic of debate among researchers.

关于尼安德特人灭绝的问题仍然是研究人员讨论的主题。

10.Scientists are studying the DNA of neanderthals 尼安德特人 to understand their relationship with modern humans.

科学家正在研究尼安德特人的DNA，以了解他们与现代人类的关系。

11.Some traits in modern humans can be traced back to neanderthals 尼安德特人, including certain genetic markers.

现代人类的一些特征可以追溯到尼安德特人，包括某些遗传标记。

12.The discovery of ancient tools suggests that the neanderthals 尼安德特人 were capable of complex behaviors.

古老工具的发现表明，尼安德特人能够进行复杂的行为。

作文

The study of human evolution has always fascinated scientists and laypeople alike. One of the most intriguing chapters in this story involves the neanderthals, a group of archaic humans who lived alongside our direct ancestors, Homo sapiens. The neanderthals (尼安德特人) were first discovered in the mid-19th century in the Neander Valley of Germany, which is how they got their name. These ancient humans existed approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago, primarily in Europe and parts of Asia. Their discovery has reshaped our understanding of human history and evolution.The physical characteristics of the neanderthals were distinct from modern humans. They had robust bodies, shorter limbs, and a larger skull with a prominent brow ridge. Their skeletal structure suggests that they were well adapted to cold climates, which is consistent with the icy environments they inhabited during the last Ice Age. This adaptation included a stocky build that helped conserve heat, making them remarkably resilient in harsh conditions.Beyond their physical attributes, the cultural and social aspects of neanderthals have sparked considerable debate among researchers. Evidence suggests that they were capable of creating tools, using fire, and even engaging in symbolic practices. Archaeological findings indicate that neanderthals crafted sophisticated stone tools known as Mousterian tools, which were used for hunting and processing animal hides. This level of craftsmanship indicates that they possessed a degree of intelligence and skill that was once thought to be unique to Homo sapiens.Moreover, recent discoveries have unveiled that neanderthals may have had a complex social structure. Fossils show signs of care for the elderly and injured, suggesting that they formed tight-knit communities where individuals looked after one another. This challenges the long-held view that neanderthals were brutish and lacked empathy. Instead, they appear to have had emotional depth and social bonds similar to those of modern humans.Another fascinating aspect of neanderthals is their interaction with Homo sapiens. Genetic studies have revealed that non-African modern humans share about 1-2% of their DNA with neanderthals. This genetic legacy implies that there was interbreeding between the two species when they coexisted. The implications of this are profound, as it suggests that rather than being completely separate, our ancestors and neanderthals interacted and influenced each other's evolution.Despite their many strengths, neanderthals eventually went extinct around 40,000 years ago. Various theories have been proposed to explain this extinction, including competition with Homo sapiens, climate change, and the inability to adapt to rapidly changing environments. The disappearance of neanderthals raises questions about survival and adaptation, which remain relevant today as we face our own environmental challenges.In conclusion, the story of the neanderthals is a compelling narrative that sheds light on the complexity of human evolution. They were not just primitive beings but rather skilled toolmakers and caring community members. The legacy of the neanderthals continues to intrigue scientists, as ongoing research reveals more about their lives and contributions to human history. Understanding the neanderthals helps us appreciate the shared heritage of all humans and reminds us of the intricate tapestry of our evolutionary past.

人类进化的研究一直以来都吸引着科学家和普通人。这个故事中最引人入胜的一个章节涉及到尼安德特人，这一类与我们直接祖先——智人（Homo sapiens）并存的古人类。尼安德特人（neanderthals）于19世纪中叶在德国的尼安德谷首次被发现，因此得名。这些古老的人类大约存在于40万到4万年前，主要分布在欧洲和亚洲部分地区。他们的发现重新塑造了我们对人类历史和进化的理解。尼安德特人的身体特征与现代人类截然不同。他们的身体健壮，四肢较短，头骨较大且有明显的眉脊。其骨骼结构表明，他们非常适应寒冷气候，这与他们在最后一个冰河时代所居住的冰冷环境是一致的。这种适应性包括一种矮胖的体型，有助于保持体温，使他们在恶劣条件下表现出惊人的韧性。除了身体特征外，尼安德特人的文化和社会方面也引发了研究者们的广泛讨论。证据表明，他们能够制造工具、使用火，甚至参与象征性行为。考古发现显示，尼安德特人制作了复杂的石器，被称为穆斯特文化工具，用于狩猎和处理动物皮毛。这种工艺水平表明，他们具备一定的智力和技能，而这些曾被认为是智人所独有的。此外，最近的发现揭示了尼安德特人可能拥有复杂的社会结构。化石显示出对老年人和伤残者的关怀，暗示他们形成了紧密的社区，个体之间互相关心。这挑战了长期以来认为尼安德特人粗野且缺乏同情心的观点。相反，他们似乎拥有类似于现代人类的情感深度和社会联系。尼安德特人的另一个迷人之处在于他们与智人的互动。基因研究揭示，非洲以外的现代人类与尼安德特人共享约1-2%的DNA。这一遗传遗产意味着当两种物种共存时，它们之间发生了交配。这一发现的意义深远，因为这表明我们的祖先与尼安德特人之间并非完全隔绝，而是相互影响并共同进化。尽管有许多优点，尼安德特人最终在大约4万年前灭绝。各种理论被提出以解释这一灭绝现象，包括与智人的竞争、气候变化以及无法适应快速变化的环境。尼安德特人的消失引发了关于生存和适应的问题，这在我们今天面临自身环境挑战时依然具有相关性。总之，尼安德特人的故事是一个引人入胜的叙述，揭示了人类进化的复杂性。他们不仅仅是原始生物，而是熟练的工具制造者和关爱社区的成员。尼安德特人的遗产继续吸引科学家的兴趣，随着研究的深入，更多关于他们生活和对人类历史贡献的内容被揭示出来。理解尼安德特人帮助我们欣赏所有人类的共同遗产，并提醒我们记住我们进化历史的复杂织锦。