free energy

简明释义

自由能

英英释义

例句

1.The free energy (自由能) of a reaction can be calculated using Gibbs free energy equations.

反应的自由能 (free energy) 可以通过吉布斯自由能方程计算。

2.Researchers are studying how to harness free energy (自由能) from renewable sources.

研究人员正在研究如何从可再生资源中利用自由能 (free energy)。

3.In thermodynamics, the concept of free energy (自由能) helps predict the direction of chemical reactions.

在热力学中，自由能 (free energy) 的概念有助于预测化学反应的方向。

4.Understanding free energy (自由能) is crucial for developing efficient batteries.

理解自由能 (free energy) 对于开发高效电池至关重要。

5.The free energy (自由能) change of a system indicates whether a process is spontaneous.

一个系统的自由能 (free energy) 变化表明一个过程是否是自发的。

作文

The concept of free energy is fundamental in both thermodynamics and chemistry. It refers to the amount of energy in a system that can be used to do work at constant temperature and pressure. Understanding free energy allows scientists and engineers to predict the direction of chemical reactions and the equilibrium position of a system. The most commonly used forms of free energy are Gibbs free energy and Helmholtz free energy, each serving different purposes based on the conditions of the system being studied.Gibbs free energy, denoted as G, is particularly important when dealing with processes that occur at constant temperature and pressure, which is typical in many biological and chemical systems. The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) during a reaction indicates whether the process is spontaneous. If ΔG is negative, the reaction will proceed spontaneously; if positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous. This principle is crucial for understanding metabolic pathways in biology, where organisms convert energy from food into usable forms.On the other hand, Helmholtz free energy, represented as A, is more relevant in systems held at constant volume and temperature. It provides insights into the maximum work obtainable from a closed system. While it may not be as commonly referenced as Gibbs free energy, it is still essential in fields such as statistical mechanics and certain physical chemistry applications.One of the practical applications of free energy is in the field of electrochemistry. For instance, in an electrochemical cell, the free energy change can be related to the voltage produced by the cell. The Nernst equation, which is derived from the principles of free energy, helps in calculating the cell potential under non-standard conditions. This application is critical in developing batteries and fuel cells, where maximizing efficiency is paramount.Moreover, the concept of free energy extends beyond chemistry into areas such as physics and engineering. For example, in mechanical systems, understanding free energy can help in optimizing the performance of engines and other machines by minimizing energy losses. In environmental science, free energy calculations can assist in assessing the feasibility of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, by evaluating their efficiency and sustainability.In summary, free energy is a powerful concept that plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines. Its ability to predict the spontaneity of reactions and the efficiency of systems makes it invaluable for researchers and practitioners alike. By mastering the principles surrounding free energy, one can gain deeper insights into the workings of natural processes and the development of innovative technologies. As we continue to explore the complexities of energy transfer and transformation, the importance of free energy will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of scientific inquiry and application.

“自由能”这一概念在热力学和化学中是基础性的。它指的是在恒温和恒压下，系统中可以用于做功的能量。理解“自由能”使科学家和工程师能够预测化学反应的方向和系统的平衡位置。“自由能”的最常用形式是吉布斯自由能和亥姆霍兹自由能，每种形式根据所研究系统的条件服务于不同的目的。吉布斯自由能，记作G，在处理发生在恒温和恒压下的过程时尤为重要，这在许多生物和化学系统中是典型的。反应过程中吉布斯自由能的变化（ΔG）指示该过程是否自发进行。如果ΔG为负，反应将自发进行；如果为正，则反应是非自发的。这个原则对于理解生物中的代谢途径至关重要，生物体将食物中的能量转化为可用形式。另一方面，亥姆霍兹自由能，表示为A，更适用于在恒体积和恒温下保持的系统。它提供了从封闭系统中获得的最大功的见解。尽管它可能没有吉布斯自由能那么常被引用，但在统计力学和某些物理化学应用中仍然至关重要。“自由能”的一个实际应用是在电化学领域。例如，在电化学电池中，“自由能”变化可以与电池产生的电压相关联。由“自由能”原理推导出的能斯特方程有助于计算非标准条件下的电池电位。这一应用对开发电池和燃料电池至关重要，其中最大化效率是至关重要的。此外，“自由能”的概念超越了化学，扩展到物理和工程等领域。例如，在机械系统中，理解“自由能”可以帮助优化发动机和其他机器的性能，减少能量损失。在环境科学中，“自由能”计算可以帮助评估可再生能源源的可行性，例如太阳能和风能，通过评估其效率和可持续性。总之，“自由能”是一个强大的概念，在各种科学学科中发挥着关键作用。它预测反应的自发性和系统效率的能力使其对研究人员和从业者来说都极为宝贵。通过掌握围绕“自由能”的原则，人们可以更深入地了解自然过程的运作及创新技术的发展。随着我们继续探索能量转移和转化的复杂性，“自由能”的重要性无疑将始终处于科学研究和应用的前沿。