cold brittleness

简明释义

冷脆性

英英释义

例句

1.In winter, the metal showed signs of cold brittleness, making it prone to cracking under stress.

在冬季，金属表现出冷脆性的迹象，使其在压力下容易开裂。

2.The cold brittleness of the rubber made it unsuitable for outdoor use in winter.

橡胶的冷脆性使其不适合在冬季户外使用。

3.The plastic's cold brittleness caused it to shatter when dropped on a cold surface.

塑料的冷脆性导致它在冷表面上掉落时破碎。

4.During the inspection, we noted that the pipes exhibited cold brittleness due to the low temperatures.

在检查中，我们注意到管道由于低温而表现出冷脆性。

5.Engineers must account for cold brittleness when designing structures in freezing climates.

工程师在设计寒冷气候下的结构时必须考虑到冷脆性。

作文

In the realm of materials science, understanding the properties of various substances under different conditions is crucial. One such property that has garnered attention is cold brittleness, which refers to the tendency of certain materials to become brittle and fracture at low temperatures. This phenomenon can have significant implications in various industries, particularly in construction and manufacturing. When metals or polymers experience cold brittleness during cold weather, they may fail unexpectedly, leading to catastrophic consequences.For instance, consider the construction of bridges in regions that experience harsh winters. Engineers must take into account the cold brittleness of steel when designing structures that will be exposed to extreme cold. If the steel becomes too brittle, it may crack under stress, compromising the integrity of the entire structure. This is why materials are often tested for their performance at low temperatures before they are used in construction.Moreover, cold brittleness is not limited to metals; polymers can also exhibit this behavior. Many plastics become less flexible and more prone to breaking when exposed to cold temperatures. This is particularly relevant in the automotive industry, where components made from plastic must withstand a range of temperatures. If a plastic part becomes brittle due to cold brittleness, it could lead to failures in critical systems of a vehicle, posing safety risks to drivers and passengers.The mechanisms behind cold brittleness involve changes in the molecular structure of materials. At lower temperatures, the kinetic energy of molecules decreases, leading to reduced mobility. In some materials, this results in a rigid structure that cannot absorb stress effectively, causing them to fracture instead. Understanding these mechanisms allows scientists and engineers to develop materials that maintain their toughness even in cold conditions.To mitigate the risks associated with cold brittleness, researchers are constantly seeking new alloys and composites that retain their strength and flexibility at low temperatures. Innovations in material science have led to the development of high-performance materials that can withstand extreme conditions without succumbing to brittleness. These advancements not only improve the safety and reliability of structures but also enhance the overall performance of products across various industries.In conclusion, cold brittleness is a critical factor that must be considered in the design and application of materials, especially in environments subject to low temperatures. By understanding this phenomenon and its implications, engineers and scientists can create safer, more durable materials that meet the demands of modern technology and infrastructure. As we continue to explore the properties of materials, the challenge remains to find solutions that prevent cold brittleness and ensure the longevity of products and structures in our ever-changing world.

在材料科学领域，理解不同条件下各种物质的特性至关重要。其中一个引起关注的特性是冷脆性，指的是某些材料在低温下变得脆弱和断裂的倾向。这种现象在各个行业中都可能产生重大影响，特别是在建筑和制造业。当金属或聚合物在寒冷天气中经历冷脆性时，它们可能会意外失效，导致灾难性的后果。例如，考虑在经历严冬的地区建造桥梁。工程师在设计将暴露于极端寒冷的结构时，必须考虑钢材的冷脆性。如果钢材变得过于脆弱，它可能在压力下开裂，从而危及整个结构的完整性。这就是为什么材料通常在使用前会在低温下进行性能测试。此外，冷脆性并不仅限于金属；聚合物也可能表现出这种行为。许多塑料在暴露于低温时变得不那么灵活，更容易断裂。这在汽车工业中特别相关，因为由塑料制成的部件必须承受一系列温度。如果由于冷脆性而使某个塑料部件变得脆弱，可能导致车辆关键系统的故障，从而对驾驶员和乘客构成安全风险。冷脆性背后的机制涉及材料分子结构的变化。在较低温度下，分子的动能降低，导致运动性减少。在某些材料中，这导致形成一种刚性结构，无法有效吸收应力，从而导致它们断裂。理解这些机制使科学家和工程师能够开发在寒冷条件下保持韧性的材料。为了减轻与冷脆性相关的风险，研究人员不断寻求新的合金和复合材料，这些材料在低温下保持强度和灵活性。材料科学的创新导致了高性能材料的发展，这些材料能够承受极端条件而不屈服于脆性。这些进展不仅提高了结构的安全性和可靠性，还增强了各个行业产品的整体性能。总之，冷脆性是设计和应用材料时必须考虑的一个关键因素，尤其是在低温环境中。通过理解这一现象及其影响，工程师和科学家可以创造出更安全、更耐用的材料，以满足现代技术和基础设施的需求。在我们继续探索材料特性的过程中，挑战仍然是寻找解决方案，以防止冷脆性，确保我们日益变化的世界中产品和结构的持久性。