brittle fracture

简明释义

脆性断裂

英英释义

例句

1.After conducting tests, the scientists concluded that the brittle fracture (脆性断裂) was caused by the rapid cooling of the metal.

经过测试，科学家得出结论，brittle fracture (脆性断裂) 是由于金属快速冷却造成的。

2.During the inspection, we found signs of brittle fracture (脆性断裂) on several components of the machinery.

在检查过程中，我们发现机器的几个部件上有brittle fracture (脆性断裂) 的迹象。

3.The engineer explained that the failure of the bridge was due to a brittle fracture (脆性断裂) in the steel support beams.

工程师解释说，桥的失效是由于钢支撑梁发生了brittle fracture (脆性断裂)。

4.The technician noted that the glass had a brittle fracture (脆性断裂) pattern after being dropped.

技术员注意到玻璃在掉落后呈现出brittle fracture (脆性断裂) 的模式。

5.The material's low toughness led to a brittle fracture (脆性断裂) when subjected to stress.

材料的低韧性导致在承受压力时发生了brittle fracture (脆性断裂)。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the behavior of materials under stress is crucial for ensuring safety and performance in various applications. One important phenomenon that engineers must consider is brittle fracture, which refers to the sudden and catastrophic failure of a material without significant plastic deformation. Unlike ductile materials that can undergo significant deformation before breaking, brittle materials tend to fail abruptly, often resulting in sharp edges and fragments. This characteristic makes brittle fracture particularly dangerous in structural applications where unexpected failures can lead to severe consequences.The mechanisms behind brittle fracture are complex and can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, strain rate, and the presence of flaws or defects within the material. For instance, many metals exhibit ductile behavior at higher temperatures but can become brittle at lower temperatures. This transition is crucial for engineers to understand, as it dictates the appropriate conditions for material use. Additionally, the presence of microstructural defects, such as cracks or inclusions, can serve as stress concentrators, significantly reducing the material's ability to withstand loads before failing. To illustrate the impact of brittle fracture, one can look at historical examples of structural failures. The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940 is a notable case where the design did not account for the dynamic forces acting on the structure. Although this failure was primarily due to aerodynamic forces rather than brittle fracture, it serves as a reminder of the importance of understanding material properties under various conditions. In contrast, the failure of cast iron pipes in cold weather demonstrates how brittle fracture can lead to sudden and catastrophic failures when the material becomes too rigid and unable to absorb stress.Preventing brittle fracture involves careful material selection and design considerations. Engineers must choose materials that are appropriate for the expected service conditions, taking into account factors like temperature fluctuations and potential impact loads. Moreover, employing techniques such as heat treatment can enhance the toughness of materials, making them less susceptible to brittle fracture. For example, steel can be tempered to improve its ductility and reduce the likelihood of sudden failure.In conclusion, brittle fracture is a critical concept in materials science that highlights the importance of understanding material behavior under stress. By recognizing the factors that contribute to this phenomenon, engineers can better design structures and select materials that minimize the risk of sudden failures. As technology advances and new materials are developed, ongoing research into brittle fracture will remain essential for ensuring safety and reliability in engineering applications.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料在应力下的行为对于确保各种应用的安全性和性能至关重要。工程师必须考虑的一个重要现象是brittle fracture，即材料在没有显著塑性变形的情况下突然发生灾难性破坏。与可以在断裂前经历显著变形的韧性材料不同，脆性材料往往会突然失效，通常会导致锋利的边缘和碎片。这一特性使得brittle fracture在结构应用中尤其危险，因为意外的失效可能导致严重后果。造成brittle fracture的机制是复杂的，受到多个因素的影响，包括温度、应变速率以及材料内部缺陷或瑕疵的存在。例如，许多金属在高温下表现出韧性行为，但在低温下可能变得脆性。这一转变对于工程师来说至关重要，因为它决定了材料使用的适当条件。此外，微观结构缺陷（如裂纹或夹杂物）的存在可以作为应力集中点，显著降低材料在失效前承受负荷的能力。为了说明brittle fracture的影响，可以查看历史上的结构失效案例。1940年塔科马海峡大桥的倒塌就是一个显著的例子，其设计没有考虑到作用于结构的动态力。尽管这一失效主要是由于气动力而非brittle fracture，但它提醒我们理解材料在各种条件下的特性的重要性。相反，铸铁管道在寒冷天气中的失效则展示了当材料变得过于坚硬而无法吸收应力时，如何导致突然和灾难性的失效。防止brittle fracture需要仔细的材料选择和设计考虑。工程师必须选择适合预期服务条件的材料，考虑温度波动和潜在冲击载荷等因素。此外，采用热处理等技术可以增强材料的韧性，使其更不易受到brittle fracture的影响。例如，可以对钢进行回火以改善其韧性并减少突然失效的可能性。总之，brittle fracture是材料科学中的一个关键概念，突显了理解材料在应力下行为的重要性。通过认识导致这一现象的因素，工程师可以更好地设计结构和选择材料，以最小化突然失效的风险。随着技术的进步和新材料的发展，对brittle fracture的持续研究将对确保工程应用的安全性和可靠性至关重要。