lobotomy

简明释义

英[ləˈbɒtəmi]美[ləˈbɑːtəmi]

n. 叶切断术；前脑叶白质切除术

复 数 l o b o t o m i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.How did the lobotomy ever become accepted medical practice?

额叶切除术当初是怎么被接受并临床实践的？

2.He pioneered the surgical technique called frontal lobotomy.

他首创了被称为额叶切断术的外科手术。

3.That unintentional lobotomy would be hard to explain.

那个意外的前脑叶白质切除术将会很难解释。

4.Moniz and Freemen are usually credited with inventing the lobotomy in the 1930s, though in truth their work was based on many other people's research going back to the mid-19th century.

一般认为，Moniz和Freeman在20世纪30年代发明额叶切除术，但实际上他们的研究是基于众多19世纪中期的研究成果。

5.In retrospect, it seems clear why she might have felt that way, but Moniz reports that after a frontal lobotomy she was cured, “though possibly a little reticent.”

回想起来，她之所以会这么想，原因应该是清楚的，但Moniz报告称经过额叶切除术后她被治愈了，“虽然可能变得有点沉默”。

6.Objective: to provide the anatomic data for liver transplantation and the left hepatic lobotomy.

目的：为肝移植和肝部分切除术提供解剖学资料。

7.Palmer married Linnell's daughter Hannah, and between them, his wife and his father-in-law were determined to perform an artistic lobotomy and eradicate Palmer's unique primitive style.

帕尔默与林内尔的女儿汉娜结为连理，之后妻子和岳父下定决心为帕尔默进行“艺术洗脑”，消除帕尔默独特的原创风格。

8.Wedge resections were performed in 16 patients and left lobotomy in 2 patients.

手术方式行肝不规则楔形切除16例，左半肝切除2例。

9.The first such technique was the prefrontal lobotomy.

该科的第一个手术方法为前额叶脑叶切开术。

10.After undergoing a lobotomy 脑叶切除术, the patient exhibited a significant change in personality.

经过一次脑叶切除术 lobotomy后，患者的个性发生了显著变化。

11.The decision to perform a lobotomy 脑叶切除术 was often made without the patient's consent.

进行脑叶切除术 lobotomy的决定通常是在没有患者同意的情况下做出的。

12.In the mid-20th century, lobotomy 脑叶切除术 was seen as a revolutionary treatment for mental illness.

在20世纪中期，脑叶切除术 lobotomy被视为治疗精神疾病的一项革命性疗法。

13.The physician explained that a lobotomy 脑叶切除术 was once a common treatment for severe mental disorders.

医生解释说，脑叶切除术 lobotomy 曾经是治疗严重精神障碍的常见方法。

14.Many people now view lobotomy 脑叶切除术 as an outdated and inhumane procedure.

许多人现在认为脑叶切除术 lobotomy是一种过时且不人道的手术。

作文

The term lobotomy refers to a surgical procedure that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Historically, this operation was performed on patients with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and depression, in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms. The practice gained popularity in the mid-20th century, as it was seen as a breakthrough in psychiatric treatment. However, the use of lobotomy has been met with significant ethical concerns and criticism over the years.Initially, doctors believed that by disrupting certain neural pathways, they could reduce the intensity of emotional suffering. Patients who underwent lobotomy often exhibited a noticeable change in behavior; some became more docile, while others lost their ability to experience emotions altogether. This led to a controversial debate about whether the procedure was humane or simply a means of controlling individuals deemed 'difficult' or 'unmanageable.'As time progressed, the medical community began to question the efficacy and morality of lobotomy. Many patients suffered severe side effects, including cognitive impairment, personality changes, and even death. The procedure was often performed without proper consent, raising serious ethical issues regarding patient autonomy. Critics argued that the risks far outweighed the potential benefits, leading to a decline in its popularity.In contemporary psychiatry, the focus has shifted towards less invasive treatments for mental health disorders. Medications, therapy, and alternative treatments have emerged as more effective and humane options. The legacy of lobotomy serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of ethical standards in medicine. It reminds us that while the pursuit of knowledge and treatment is essential, it must always be accompanied by respect for human dignity and individual rights.Moreover, the historical context of lobotomy illustrates how societal attitudes towards mental illness have evolved. In the early 20th century, mental health conditions were often stigmatized, and patients were frequently marginalized. The drastic measures taken during this time reflected a lack of understanding and compassion for those suffering from psychological distress. Today, we strive for a more compassionate approach, recognizing that mental health is just as important as physical health.In conclusion, while lobotomy was once considered a revolutionary treatment, it ultimately highlighted the need for ethical considerations in medical practices. As we continue to advance in our understanding of the brain and mental health, we must ensure that our methods prioritize the well-being and autonomy of patients. The story of lobotomy serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between innovation and ethics in the field of medicine, urging us to learn from the past as we forge a more humane future for mental health treatment.

术语lobotomy指的是一种外科手术，涉及切断大脑前额叶皮层的连接。历史上，这种手术曾在严重精神疾病患者（如精神分裂症和抑郁症）身上进行，试图减轻他们的症状。这种做法在20世纪中期变得流行，因为它被视为精神病治疗的突破。然而，多年来，lobotomy的使用引发了重大的伦理问题和批评。最初，医生们认为通过破坏某些神经通路，他们可以减少情感痛苦的强度。接受lobotomy手术的患者常常表现出明显的行为变化；有些人变得更加温顺，而另一些人则失去了体验情感的能力。这引发了关于该手术是否人道的争论，还是仅仅控制那些被认为“困难”或“无法管理”的个体的手段。随着时间的推移，医学界开始质疑lobotomy的有效性和道德性。许多患者遭受严重的副作用，包括认知障碍、人格变化甚至死亡。该手术通常在没有适当同意的情况下进行，引发了关于患者自主权的严重伦理问题。批评者认为，风险远远超过潜在益处，导致其受欢迎程度下降。在当代精神病学中，治疗精神健康障碍的重点已转向较少侵入性的治疗方法。药物、治疗和替代疗法已成为更有效和人道的选择。lobotomy的遗产作为医学伦理标准重要性的警示故事提醒我们，尽管追求知识和治疗至关重要，但必须始终伴随对人类尊严和个人权利的尊重。此外，lobotomy的历史背景展示了社会对精神疾病态度的演变。在20世纪初，心理健康状况往往受到污名化，患者常常被边缘化。这一时期采取的极端措施反映了对心理痛苦者缺乏理解和同情。今天，我们努力追求更具同情心的方法，认识到心理健康与身体健康同样重要。总之，虽然lobotomy曾被认为是一种革命性的治疗方法，但最终突显了医学实践中伦理考量的必要性。随着我们对大脑和心理健康理解的不断深入，我们必须确保我们的方法优先考虑患者的福祉和自主权。lobotomy的故事提醒我们，在医学领域创新与伦理之间的微妙平衡，促使我们从过去学习，以为心理健康治疗开创一个更人道的未来。