government-sponsored enterprises

简明释义

政府资助的企业

英英释义

例句

1.Investors often look to government-sponsored enterprises for stable returns.

投资者通常寻求从政府赞助企业获得稳定的回报。

2.Policies affecting government-sponsored enterprises can have wide-reaching implications for the real estate market.

影响政府赞助企业的政策可能对房地产市场产生广泛的影响。

3.The role of government-sponsored enterprises in the housing market is crucial for maintaining affordability.

在住房市场中，政府赞助企业的角色对于维持可负担性至关重要。

4.Many people rely on loans from government-sponsored enterprises for buying their first homes.

许多人依赖于来自政府赞助企业的贷款来购买他们的第一套房子。

5.The financial stability provided by government-sponsored enterprises helps to support the economy during downturns.

政府赞助企业提供的财务稳定性有助于在经济低迷期间支持经济。

作文

Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) play a crucial role in the American economy, particularly in the housing market. These are financial services corporations created by Congress to enhance the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy, primarily housing and agriculture. By providing liquidity, stability, and affordability to these sectors, government-sponsored enterprises (政府赞助企业) help ensure that individuals and families have access to essential services such as home loans and agricultural financing.One of the most well-known examples of a GSE is Fannie Mae, or the Federal National Mortgage Association. Established in 1938 during the Great Depression, Fannie Mae was created to expand the secondary mortgage market by securitizing mortgages, which in turn allowed lenders to reinvest their assets into more lending. This mechanism not only increases the availability of affordable housing but also contributes to the overall stability of the financial system. Another prominent example is Freddie Mac, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, which was established in 1970 to provide competition to Fannie Mae and further increase the availability of mortgage credit.The primary function of government-sponsored enterprises (政府赞助企业) is to facilitate home ownership for Americans, especially those who might struggle to secure loans through private lenders. By backing mortgages, GSEs reduce the risk for lenders, allowing them to offer more favorable terms to borrowers. This support is particularly vital during economic downturns when private lending typically tightens, making it harder for individuals to obtain loans. Moreover, GSEs are designed to operate with a degree of independence from the federal government, yet they still benefit from an implicit government guarantee. This means that while they are not directly funded by taxpayer money, their existence is supported by the federal government's willingness to step in during crises. This relationship can create a moral hazard, where the risk-taking behavior of these enterprises is influenced by the expectation of government bailouts in times of financial distress.Critics argue that the existence of government-sponsored enterprises (政府赞助企业) can lead to distortions in the housing market. By artificially lowering interest rates and encouraging high levels of borrowing, GSEs may contribute to housing bubbles. The 2008 financial crisis highlighted the risks associated with GSEs, as their involvement in subprime mortgage lending played a significant role in the collapse of the housing market. In response, there have been calls for reforming the structure and operations of GSEs to mitigate potential risks while still preserving their ability to support the housing market.In conclusion, government-sponsored enterprises (政府赞助企业) are essential components of the U.S. financial system, particularly in promoting home ownership and providing stability in the housing market. While they offer significant benefits by increasing access to credit, their operations must be carefully monitored and regulated to prevent systemic risks. As the economy continues to evolve, the role of GSEs will undoubtedly be subject to ongoing debate about how best to balance their mission of supporting public welfare with the need for financial stability.

政府赞助企业在美国经济中发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是在住房市场。这些是由国会创建的金融服务公司，旨在增强特定经济部门，主要是住房和农业的信贷流动。通过为这些部门提供流动性、稳定性和可负担性，政府赞助企业（政府赞助企业）帮助确保个人和家庭能够获得诸如住房贷款和农业融资等基本服务。最著名的政府赞助企业之一是房利美，即联邦国家抵押协会。房利美成立于1938年，正值大萧条期间，旨在通过证券化抵押贷款来扩大次级抵押贷款市场，从而使贷方能够将其资产重新投资于更多的贷款。这个机制不仅增加了可负担住房的可用性，还促进了金融系统的整体稳定。另一个显著的例子是房地美，即联邦住房贷款抵押公司，成立于1970年，以便与房利美竞争，进一步增加抵押贷款信用的可用性。政府赞助企业（政府赞助企业）的主要功能是促进美国人的住房拥有权，特别是那些可能难以通过私人贷方获得贷款的人。通过支持抵押贷款，政府赞助企业降低了贷方的风险，使他们能够向借款人提供更有利的条款。这种支持在经济低迷时期尤为重要，因为此时私人贷款通常会收紧，使个人更难获得贷款。此外，政府赞助企业的设计是与联邦政府保持一定的独立性，但它们仍然受益于隐含的政府担保。这意味着虽然它们不是直接由纳税人资金支持，但它们的存在得到了联邦政府在危机时期介入的意愿的支持。这种关系可能会导致道德风险，即这些企业的冒险行为受到对政府救助期望的影响。批评者认为，政府赞助企业（政府赞助企业）的存在可能导致住房市场的扭曲。通过人为降低利率和鼓励高水平的借贷，政府赞助企业可能会导致住房泡沫。2008年的金融危机突显了与政府赞助企业相关的风险，因为它们参与次级抵押贷款在住房市场崩溃中发挥了重要作用。对此，呼吁改革政府赞助企业的结构和运作，以减轻潜在风险，同时仍保留其支持住房市场的能力。总之，政府赞助企业（政府赞助企业）是美国金融体系的重要组成部分，特别是在促进住房拥有权和提供住房市场稳定方面。虽然它们通过增加信贷的可用性而提供了显著的好处，但其运作必须得到仔细监控和监管，以防止系统性风险。随着经济的不断发展，政府赞助企业的角色无疑将继续引发关于如何最佳平衡其支持公共福利的使命与金融稳定需求的辩论。