fractional reserve banking

简明释义

银行存款部份准备制

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of fractional reserve banking 部分准备金银行制度 allows banks to create money through lending.

部分准备金银行制度 fractional reserve banking 的概念允许银行通过贷款创造货币。

2.During a bank run, the limitations of fractional reserve banking 部分准备金银行制度 become apparent.

在银行挤兑期间，部分准备金银行制度 fractional reserve banking 的局限性变得明显。

3.Many economists argue that fractional reserve banking 部分准备金银行制度 can lead to economic instability.

许多经济学家认为，部分准备金银行制度 fractional reserve banking 可能导致经济不稳定。

4.In a fractional reserve banking 部分准备金银行制度 system, banks only need to keep a fraction of deposits on hand.

在部分准备金银行制度 fractional reserve banking 系统中，银行只需保留一部分存款。

5.Critics of fractional reserve banking 部分准备金银行制度 believe it can cause inflation.

批评部分准备金银行制度 fractional reserve banking 的人认为这可能会导致通货膨胀。

作文

The concept of fractional reserve banking plays a crucial role in modern financial systems. At its core, fractional reserve banking refers to the practice where banks only hold a fraction of their depositors' funds in reserve and use the rest for lending purposes. This system allows banks to create money through loans, which can stimulate economic growth but also poses certain risks.To understand fractional reserve banking, it is essential to grasp how it operates. When a customer deposits money into a bank, the bank is required to keep a certain percentage of that deposit as reserves, which can vary depending on regulatory requirements. For instance, if the reserve requirement is set at 10%, the bank must hold $10 for every $100 deposited. The remaining $90 can be loaned out to borrowers.This mechanism enables banks to generate income from interest on loans while still providing liquidity to depositors. However, the practice of fractional reserve banking can lead to a situation known as a bank run. A bank run occurs when a large number of customers withdraw their deposits simultaneously, fearing that the bank may not have enough reserves to cover all withdrawals. If too many depositors demand their money at once, the bank may face insolvency since it does not have sufficient cash on hand due to its lending activities.Despite the potential risks, fractional reserve banking is fundamental to the economy. It facilitates credit creation, allowing individuals and businesses to access funds for investment and consumption. This process is vital for economic expansion, as it promotes spending and investment, which can lead to job creation and innovation.Moreover, central banks play a significant role in regulating fractional reserve banking. They set reserve requirements and monitor the banking system's health to prevent excessive risk-taking by banks. By adjusting interest rates and implementing monetary policy, central banks can influence the amount of money available in the economy, thereby stabilizing inflation and promoting sustainable growth.Critics of fractional reserve banking argue that it can lead to economic instability and inequality. They contend that the system disproportionately benefits banks and wealthy individuals who can leverage loans, while lower-income individuals may struggle to access credit. Additionally, during economic downturns, the increased risk of defaults on loans can threaten the stability of the entire banking system.In conclusion, fractional reserve banking is a complex yet vital aspect of the financial landscape. While it allows for economic growth and development, it also carries inherent risks that require careful management and regulation. Understanding this system is essential for anyone interested in economics or finance, as it impacts not only individual financial decisions but also the broader economy. As we navigate an increasingly interconnected world, the implications of fractional reserve banking will continue to be a topic of discussion among policymakers, economists, and the public alike.

“部分准备金银行”这一概念在现代金融系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。在其核心，fractional reserve banking 指的是银行仅保留存款人资金的一部分作为准备金，而将剩余部分用于贷款的做法。这一制度允许银行通过贷款创造货币，从而刺激经济增长，但也带来了一定的风险。要理解fractional reserve banking，需要掌握其运作方式。当客户将钱存入银行时，银行必须根据监管要求保留一定比例的存款作为准备金。例如，如果准备金要求设定为10%，则银行必须为每100美元的存款保留10美元。其余的90美元可以贷给借款人。这一机制使银行能够通过贷款的利息产生收入，同时为存款人提供流动性。然而，fractional reserve banking 的做法可能导致一种被称为银行挤兑的情况。银行挤兑发生在大量客户同时提取存款时，担心银行可能没有足够的准备金来覆盖所有提款。如果太多存款人同时要求取款，银行可能面临破产，因为由于其贷款活动，它手头没有足够的现金。尽管存在潜在风险，fractional reserve banking 对经济至关重要。它促进了信贷的创造，使个人和企业能够获得投资和消费所需的资金。这一过程对经济扩张至关重要，因为它促进了支出和投资，从而可能导致就业创造和创新。此外，中央银行在监管fractional reserve banking方面发挥着重要作用。它们设定准备金要求，并监控银行系统的健康状况，以防止银行过度冒险。通过调整利率和实施货币政策，中央银行可以影响经济中的货币供应量，从而稳定通货膨胀并促进可持续增长。批评者认为，fractional reserve banking 可能导致经济不稳定和不平等。他们认为，这一体系对银行和富裕个体的利益不成比例，而低收入个体可能在获取信贷方面面临困难。此外，在经济衰退期间，贷款违约风险的增加可能威胁到整个银行系统的稳定。总之，fractional reserve banking 是金融环境中一个复杂而又至关重要的方面。虽然它允许经济增长和发展，但也带来了固有的风险，需要谨慎管理和监管。理解这一体系对任何对经济学或金融感兴趣的人来说都是必不可少的，因为它不仅影响个人的财务决策，也影响更广泛的经济。随着我们在日益互联的世界中航行，fractional reserve banking 的影响将继续成为政策制定者、经济学家和公众讨论的话题。