protonate

简明释义

英[ˈproʊtəˌneɪt]美[ˈproʊtəˌneɪt]

v. （使）质子化；给……加质子

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.However, they protonate and partly transfer to the outer surface of micelles in the acid titration process, and exist in very polar, solvent-accessible region of the inner.

而在酸性滴定中，经历了质子化，但未完全移至胶束界面外，而是存在于胶束内相对极性较强且溶剂可到达的区域。

2.The fluorescent tuning on and off can be achieved by the stimuli of acid, which will protonate the central nitrogen atom of triphenylamine unit to stop the PIET process.

通过加入酸将三苯胺中心氮原子进行质子化，切断其PIET过程，可实现荧光的淬灭与恢复的可逆性荧光调控。

3.However, they protonate and partly transfer to the outer surface of micelles in the acid titration process, and exist in very polar, solvent-accessible region of the inner.

而在酸性滴定中，经历了质子化，但未完全移至胶束界面外，而是存在于胶束内相对极性较强且溶剂可到达的区域。

4.In an acidic solution, water can readily protonate the ammonia molecules.

在酸性溶液中，水可以很容易地质子化氨分子。

5.The reaction occurs when the substrate is protonated at the nitrogen site.

当底物在氮位点被质子化时，反应发生。

6.In organic chemistry, we often discuss how to protonate various functional groups.

在有机化学中，我们经常讨论如何对各种官能团进行质子化。

7.The enzyme acts to protonate the substrate, facilitating the reaction.

该酶通过质子化底物来促进反应。

8.When a base is added to the system, it will protonate the hydroxide ions.

当碱被加入到系统中时，它将质子化氢氧根离子。

作文

In the world of chemistry, understanding the behavior of molecules is essential for grasping how reactions occur. One fundamental concept that arises in various chemical processes is the ability of a molecule to either gain or lose protons. This process is known as protonation. To be more specific, when we say that a molecule can protonate, we mean that it can accept a proton (H⁺ ion) from an acid. This action can significantly alter the properties of the molecule, including its reactivity, solubility, and overall stability.For instance, consider the case of ammonia (NH₃). Ammonia is a weak base that can protonate in the presence of an acid, forming ammonium ions (NH₄⁺). This reaction is crucial in many biological systems, including the nitrogen cycle, where ammonia plays a vital role. By protonating, ammonia becomes positively charged, which can influence its interaction with other molecules in solution.The concept of protonation is not limited to simple molecules like ammonia. It also applies to larger and more complex organic compounds. For example, carboxylic acids can protonate alcohols, leading to the formation of esters through a condensation reaction. This reaction is fundamental in organic chemistry and is widely used in the synthesis of various compounds, including fragrances and pharmaceuticals.Moreover, protonation can affect the pH level of a solution. When a base protonates, it can lead to a decrease in pH, making the solution more acidic. This principle is critical in biochemical processes, such as enzyme activity, where the protonation state of amino acids in the active site can determine the enzyme's functionality. Enzymes often rely on the precise balance of protonated and deprotonated forms to catalyze reactions effectively.In addition to its importance in biological systems, protonation plays a significant role in industrial applications. Many chemical manufacturing processes involve reactions that require careful control of protonation states to ensure optimal yields. For example, in the production of pharmaceuticals, controlling the protonation of intermediates can lead to the desired product with minimal by-products. This precision is vital for maintaining the quality and efficacy of the final product.Furthermore, the study of protonation extends to environmental chemistry. In natural waters, the protonation of pollutants can influence their mobility and toxicity. Understanding how certain compounds protonate in different pH conditions helps chemists predict their behavior in ecosystems and develop strategies for remediation.In conclusion, the concept of protonation is a cornerstone of chemical science, impacting various fields from biochemistry to industrial chemistry and environmental science. By recognizing how molecules can protonate, scientists can better understand chemical reactions and develop innovative solutions to challenges in health, industry, and environmental protection. As we continue to explore the intricacies of molecular interactions, the significance of protonation will undoubtedly remain a focal point in advancing our knowledge and applications of chemistry.

在化学的世界中，理解分子的行为对于掌握反应的发生至关重要。一个基本概念是分子能够接受或失去质子。这一过程被称为质子化。更具体地说，当我们说一个分子可以质子化时，我们指的是它可以从酸中接受一个质子（H⁺离子）。这一行为可以显著改变分子的性质，包括其反应性、溶解度和整体稳定性。例如，考虑氨气（NH₃）的情况。氨是一种弱碱，在酸的存在下可以质子化，形成铵离子（NH₄⁺）。这一反应在许多生物系统中至关重要，包括氮循环，其中氨扮演着重要角色。通过质子化，氨变得带正电，这可能影响其与溶液中其他分子的相互作用。质子化的概念不仅限于简单分子如氨。它还适用于更大和更复杂的有机化合物。例如，羧酸可以质子化醇，导致通过缩合反应形成酯。这一反应在有机化学中是基础，并广泛用于合成各种化合物，包括香料和药物。此外，质子化可以影响溶液的pH值。当碱发生质子化时，可能导致pH值降低，使溶液变得更加酸性。这一原理在生化过程中至关重要，例如酶活性，其中活性位点中氨基酸的质子化状态可以决定酶的功能。酶通常依赖于质子化和去质子化形式的精确平衡，以有效催化反应。除了在生物系统中的重要性外，质子化在工业应用中也发挥着重要作用。许多化学制造过程涉及需要仔细控制质子化状态的反应，以确保最佳产量。例如，在药物生产中，控制中间体的质子化可以产生所需的产品，同时减少副产品。这种精确性对于维持最终产品的质量和功效至关重要。此外，质子化的研究还扩展到环境化学。在自然水体中，污染物的质子化可以影响其流动性和毒性。了解某些化合物在不同pH条件下如何质子化有助于化学家预测其在生态系统中的行为，并制定修复策略。总之，质子化的概念是化学科学的基石，影响着从生物化学到工业化学和环境科学等多个领域。通过认识分子如何质子化，科学家们可以更好地理解化学反应，并开发创新解决方案来应对健康、工业和环境保护方面的挑战。随着我们继续探索分子相互作用的复杂性，质子化的重要性无疑将继续成为推进我们对化学知识和应用理解的重点。