free rider

简明释义

无功受禄者

英英释义

例句

1.In a subscription-based service, some users may act as free riders 搭便车者 by sharing their accounts with others.

在基于订阅的服务中，一些用户可能会通过与他人共享账户而成为搭便车者 free riders。

2.In group projects, there is often a concern about having a free rider 搭便车者 who does not contribute but benefits from the work of others.

在小组项目中，常常担心有一个搭便车者 free rider不做贡献却从他人的工作中获益。

3.The concept of free riders 搭便车者 is often discussed in economics when analyzing public goods.

在经济学中，分析公共产品时常常讨论搭便车者 free riders的概念。

4.When it comes to environmental conservation, free riders 搭便车者 can undermine collective efforts by not participating in clean-up activities.

在环境保护方面，搭便车者 free riders可能会通过不参与清理活动来破坏集体努力。

5.The government is trying to address the issue of free riders 搭便车者 in public services by implementing stricter regulations.

政府试图通过实施更严格的法规来解决公共服务中的搭便车者 free riders问题。

作文

The concept of a free rider refers to an individual or entity that benefits from a resource, good, or service without paying for it or contributing to its provision. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in public goods and services, where individuals can enjoy the benefits without bearing any of the costs. Understanding the free rider problem is crucial in economics, as it highlights the challenges of providing public goods efficiently and equitably.Public goods are defined by two main characteristics: they are non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Non-excludable means that once the good is provided, no one can be effectively excluded from using it. Non-rivalrous indicates that one person's use of the good does not diminish its availability to others. Classic examples include clean air, national defense, and public parks. In these cases, individuals may choose to be free riders because they can still benefit from the good without contributing to its cost.The free rider problem poses significant challenges for governments and organizations tasked with providing public goods. When individuals know they can enjoy the benefits without paying, they may opt not to contribute financially. This leads to underfunding of essential services and resources. For instance, if a community decides to create a public park but many residents do not donate to its maintenance, the park may fall into disrepair, ultimately affecting everyone’s enjoyment.Moreover, the free rider issue can lead to a lack of cooperation among individuals. If people believe that others will shoulder the burden of funding a public good, they may feel justified in withholding their contributions. This behavior can result in a collective action problem, where everyone’s reluctance to pay leads to a suboptimal outcome for the entire group. In essence, the potential for being a free rider can erode trust and collaboration within communities.To address the free rider problem, various strategies can be employed. One common approach is to implement taxes or fees that ensure everyone contributes to the funding of public goods. For example, governments often impose taxes to fund public education or infrastructure projects. By making contributions mandatory, they reduce the likelihood of individuals opting to be free riders.Another strategy is to create incentives for individuals to contribute voluntarily. This can be achieved through awareness campaigns that highlight the benefits of cooperation and the importance of shared responsibility. Additionally, communities can foster a sense of belonging and pride in local resources, encouraging individuals to contribute willingly rather than relying on others.In conclusion, the free rider phenomenon presents significant challenges in the provision of public goods and services. It underscores the importance of collective responsibility and the need for effective strategies to ensure that all individuals contribute to the maintenance and improvement of shared resources. By understanding the implications of being a free rider, we can work towards creating a more equitable and sustainable society where everyone plays their part in supporting the common good.

“搭便车者”这一概念指的是那些在没有为其支付或贡献的情况下，从某种资源、商品或服务中获益的个人或实体。这个现象在公共产品和服务中尤为普遍，在这些情况下，个体可以享受利益而无需承担任何成本。理解“搭便车者”问题对于经济学至关重要，因为它突显了有效且公平地提供公共产品的挑战。公共产品有两个主要特征：它们是非排他性的和非竞争性的。非排他性意味着一旦该商品被提供，没有人可以有效地被排除在外。非竞争性表示一个人对该商品的使用不会减少其他人的可用性。经典的例子包括清洁空气、国家防御和公共公园。在这些情况下，个体可能选择成为“搭便车者”，因为他们可以在不贡献成本的情况下仍然受益于该商品。“搭便车者”问题对负责提供公共产品的政府和组织构成重大挑战。当个体知道他们可以享受利益而无需支付时，他们可能选择不在经济上做出贡献。这导致了对基本服务和资源的资金不足。例如，如果一个社区决定创建一个公共公园，但许多居民不捐款用于维护，该公园可能会失修，最终影响每个人的享受。此外，“搭便车者”问题还可能导致个体之间缺乏合作。如果人们认为其他人将承担公共产品的资金负担，他们可能会觉得不贡献是合理的。这种行为可能导致集体行动问题，其中每个人的不愿支付导致整个群体的次优结果。实质上，成为“搭便车者”的潜力可能会侵蚀社区内的信任和合作。为了应对“搭便车者”问题，可以采取多种策略。一种常见的方法是实施税收或费用，以确保每个人都为公共产品的资金贡献。例如，政府通常会征税以资助公共教育或基础设施项目。通过强制贡献，他们减少了个人选择成为“搭便车者”的可能性。另一种策略是创造激励措施，鼓励个体自愿贡献。这可以通过宣传活动来实现，强调合作的好处和共同责任的重要性。此外，社区可以培养对当地资源的归属感和自豪感，鼓励个体自愿贡献，而不是依赖他人。总之，“搭便车者”现象在公共产品和服务的提供中带来了重大挑战。它强调了集体责任的重要性以及确保所有个体为维护和改善共享资源作出贡献的有效策略的必要性。通过理解成为“搭便车者”的影响，我们可以朝着创建一个更公平和可持续的社会努力，在这个社会中，每个人都在支持共同利益方面发挥作用。