controlled economy

简明释义

统制经济

英英释义

例句

1.In a controlled economy, prices are set by the government rather than by supply and demand.

在受控经济中，价格由政府设定，而不是由供需关系决定。

2.The transition from a controlled economy to a market economy can be challenging.

从受控经济转向市场经济可能会很具挑战性。

3.Countries with a controlled economy often face shortages of goods due to mismanagement.

拥有受控经济的国家往往由于管理不善而面临商品短缺。

4.In a controlled economy, the government regulates all aspects of production and pricing.

在受控经济中，政府监管生产和定价的所有方面。

5.Many argue that a controlled economy stifles innovation and competition.

许多人认为，受控经济抑制了创新和竞争。

作文

A controlled economy refers to an economic system where the government exerts significant control over production, distribution, and pricing of goods and services. This type of economy is often contrasted with a free market economy, where supply and demand dictate market dynamics without substantial government intervention. In a controlled economy, the government typically sets prices for essential goods and services, allocates resources, and may even own key industries. One of the primary reasons for implementing a controlled economy is to ensure stability and equitable distribution of resources among the population. Governments may adopt this approach in times of crisis, such as during wars or economic depressions, to prevent inflation and protect consumers from exploitation by private enterprises. For instance, during World War II, many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, implemented various forms of a controlled economy to manage wartime production and ensure that all citizens had access to necessary goods. However, while a controlled economy can provide short-term benefits, it also has its drawbacks. One significant issue is the lack of competition, which can lead to inefficiencies and a lack of innovation. When the government controls prices and production, there is less incentive for businesses to improve their products or services. This can result in lower quality goods and a stagnant economy. Additionally, the bureaucracy involved in managing a controlled economy can lead to corruption and misallocation of resources, as government officials may prioritize their interests over public welfare. Another challenge associated with a controlled economy is the potential for black markets to emerge. When prices are artificially set below market value, it can create shortages, leading individuals to seek goods through illegal channels. This not only undermines the government's objectives but also poses risks to consumers who may not have access to safe or regulated products. Countries that have attempted to implement a controlled economy often find themselves grappling with these issues. For example, the Soviet Union operated under a strict controlled economy for much of the 20th century, where the state owned and managed all aspects of economic activity. While it achieved rapid industrialization, it ultimately faced significant challenges, including food shortages and economic stagnation, which contributed to its collapse. In contrast, some nations have adopted a mixed economy model, combining elements of both a controlled economy and a free market. This approach allows for government regulation to protect consumers and ensure fair practices while still encouraging competition and innovation within the private sector. Countries like Sweden and Norway exemplify this model, where social welfare programs coexist with a vibrant market economy. In conclusion, a controlled economy can serve specific purposes, particularly in times of crisis, but it is not without its challenges. The balance between government control and market freedom is delicate, and finding the right equilibrium is crucial for sustainable economic growth. Policymakers must carefully consider the implications of a controlled economy and explore alternatives that promote efficiency and innovation while ensuring that the needs of the population are met.

受控经济（controlled economy）是指一种经济体系，在这种体系中，政府对商品和服务的生产、分配和定价施加显著控制。这种经济类型常常与自由市场经济形成对比，在自由市场经济中，供需关系决定市场动态，而没有实质性的政府干预。在受控经济中，政府通常为基本商品和服务设定价格，分配资源，甚至可能拥有关键产业。实施受控经济的主要原因之一是确保稳定和资源在民众之间的公平分配。政府可能在危机时期，例如战争或经济萧条期间，采用这种方法，以防止通货膨胀并保护消费者免受私营企业的剥削。例如，在第二次世界大战期间，包括美国和英国在内的许多国家实施了各种形式的受控经济，以管理战时生产并确保所有公民都能获得必要的商品。然而，尽管受控经济可以提供短期利益，但它也有其缺点。一个显著的问题是缺乏竞争，这可能导致低效率和缺乏创新。当政府控制价格和生产时，企业改善产品或服务的动力就会减少。这可能导致商品质量下降和经济停滞。此外，管理受控经济所涉及的官僚机构可能导致腐败和资源错误分配，因为政府官员可能优先考虑自己的利益而非公众福利。与受控经济相关的另一个挑战是黑市的潜在出现。当价格被人为地设定在市场价值以下时，可能会造成短缺，导致个人通过非法渠道寻求商品。这不仅破坏了政府的目标，还对消费者构成风险，因为他们可能无法获得安全或受监管的产品。尝试实施受控经济的国家常常发现自己面临这些问题。例如，苏联在20世纪的大部分时间里都在严格的受控经济下运作，国家拥有和管理经济活动的所有方面。尽管它实现了快速工业化，但最终面临着重大挑战，包括食品短缺和经济停滞，这些都促成了它的崩溃。相比之下，一些国家采用了混合经济模式，结合了受控经济和自由市场的元素。这种方法允许政府监管以保护消费者并确保公平做法，同时仍然鼓励私营部门的竞争和创新。瑞典和挪威等国就是这一模式的典范，在这些国家中，社会福利项目与充满活力的市场经济共存。总之，受控经济可以服务于特定目的，特别是在危机时期，但它并非没有挑战。政府控制与市场自由之间的平衡是微妙的，找到正确的平衡对于可持续经济增长至关重要。政策制定者必须仔细考虑受控经济的影响，并探索促进效率和创新的替代方案，同时确保满足民众的需求。