social discount rate

简明释义

社会贴现率

英英释义

例句

1.Many economists argue that the social discount rate should reflect ethical considerations about future generations.

许多经济学家认为，社会折现率应反映对未来世代的伦理考量。

2.When evaluating public projects, policymakers often use a social discount rate to assess the present value of future benefits.

在评估公共项目时，政策制定者通常使用社会折现率来评估未来收益的现值。

3.In climate change assessments, the choice of social discount rate can significantly impact policy recommendations.

在气候变化评估中，社会折现率的选择会显著影响政策建议。

4.The social discount rate is crucial for determining the feasibility of long-term environmental projects.

对于确定长期环境项目的可行性，社会折现率至关重要。

5.A higher social discount rate means that future benefits are valued less compared to immediate benefits.

较高的社会折现率意味着未来收益的价值相对于即时收益较低。

作文

In the realm of economics and public policy, the concept of social discount rate plays a crucial role in decision-making processes. The social discount rate refers to the rate at which society discounts future benefits and costs to present values. This concept is critical when evaluating long-term projects, especially those that involve significant investments in infrastructure, health, environment, or social programs. Understanding the social discount rate helps policymakers determine whether the benefits of a project outweigh its costs when considering the time value of money.To grasp the importance of the social discount rate, we must first understand the time value of money. The principle states that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future due to its potential earning capacity. Therefore, when assessing projects with long-term impacts, it is essential to calculate how much future benefits are worth in today’s terms. The social discount rate serves as a tool for this calculation, allowing economists and policymakers to make informed decisions about resource allocation.Different countries and organizations may adopt varying social discount rates, reflecting their societal values, economic conditions, and priorities. For instance, a higher discount rate suggests that society places a lower value on future benefits, often leading to a preference for immediate consumption over long-term investment. Conversely, a lower discount rate indicates a willingness to invest in future benefits, suggesting that society values long-term outcomes more highly.The application of the social discount rate can be seen in various sectors, including environmental policy. When evaluating projects aimed at reducing carbon emissions or preserving biodiversity, a low social discount rate may be justified. This is because the benefits of such projects, like improved air quality and enhanced ecosystem services, may accrue over decades or even centuries. By applying a low discount rate, policymakers acknowledge the importance of these long-term benefits and the need to invest in sustainability.On the other hand, the choice of social discount rate can lead to contentious debates, particularly in areas such as climate change. Critics argue that using a high discount rate undermines the urgency of addressing environmental issues, as it diminishes the perceived value of future generations’ welfare. They advocate for a lower social discount rate to ensure that current policies adequately consider the long-term effects of climate change and other pressing global challenges.Moreover, the choice of the social discount rate can significantly influence the feasibility of public projects. For example, large-scale infrastructure projects, such as building bridges or highways, often require careful cost-benefit analysis. If a high discount rate is applied, the future benefits of improved transportation and economic growth may not justify the initial costs, leading to project cancellations. Conversely, a lower discount rate may support the case for investment, highlighting the long-term advantages of such projects for society.In conclusion, the social discount rate is a vital component of economic analysis and public policy. It influences how we evaluate the trade-offs between present and future benefits, shaping decisions that affect society at large. As we face complex challenges, from climate change to infrastructure development, understanding and appropriately applying the social discount rate will be crucial in ensuring sustainable and equitable outcomes for future generations.

在经济学和公共政策领域，社会贴现率的概念在决策过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。社会贴现率指的是社会将未来利益和成本折算为现值的比率。这个概念在评估长期项目时尤为关键，尤其是那些涉及基础设施、健康、环境或社会项目的重大投资。理解社会贴现率有助于决策者确定一个项目的收益是否超过其成本，同时考虑到货币的时间价值。要掌握社会贴现率的重要性，我们首先必须理解货币的时间价值原理。该原理表明，今天的一美元比未来的一美元更有价值，因为它具有潜在的收益能力。因此，在评估具有长期影响的项目时，计算未来收益在今天的价值是至关重要的。社会贴现率作为这种计算的工具，使经济学家和政策制定者能够就资源分配做出明智的决策。不同国家和组织可能采用不同的社会贴现率，反映了其社会价值观、经济状况和优先事项。例如，较高的贴现率表明，社会对未来利益的重视程度较低，往往导致偏好即时消费而非长期投资。相反，较低的贴现率则表明愿意投资于未来利益，暗示社会更高度重视长期结果。社会贴现率的应用可以在多个领域中看到，包括环境政策。在评估旨在减少碳排放或保护生物多样性的项目时，可能会合理地采用较低的社会贴现率。这是因为此类项目的收益，如改善空气质量和增强生态系统服务，可能在几十年甚至几个世纪后才会显现。通过应用较低的贴现率，政策制定者承认这些长期利益的重要性以及投资可持续发展的必要性。另一方面，社会贴现率的选择可能引发争议，尤其是在气候变化等领域。批评者认为，使用高贴现率削弱了应对环境问题的紧迫性，因为它降低了未来世代福利的感知价值。他们主张采用较低的社会贴现率，以确保当前政策充分考虑气候变化和其他紧迫全球挑战的长期影响。此外，社会贴现率的选择可能会显著影响公共项目的可行性。例如，大规模基础设施项目，如建设桥梁或高速公路，通常需要仔细的成本效益分析。如果应用高贴现率，改善交通和经济增长的未来收益可能无法证明初始成本，从而导致项目被取消。相反，较低的贴现率可能支持投资的理由，突显此类项目对社会的长期优势。总之，社会贴现率是经济分析和公共政策的重要组成部分。它影响我们如何评估现在与未来利益之间的权衡，塑造影响整个社会的决策。随着我们面临复杂的挑战，从气候变化到基础设施发展，理解和恰当地应用社会贴现率对于确保可持续和公平的未来成果至关重要。